碳纳米管分散技术及其与聚合物、硫化镉复合材料研究进展  

Advances in Dispersion Technologies of Carbon Nanotubes and Its Composites with Polymer and Cadmium Sulfide

作　　者：罗锋[1,2,3] 胡涛 李佩华[3] 杨叶华 龚兴厚 吴崇刚 LUO Feng;HU Tao;LI Peihua;YANG Yehua;GONG Xinghou;WU Chonggang(Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Lght Industry, Hubei University of0 Technology, Wuhan 430068,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-weight Materials and Processing, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China;School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学绿色轻工材料湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430068 [2]绿色轻质材料与加工湖北工业大学协同创新中心,湖北武汉430068 [3]湖北工业大学材料与化学工程学院,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2018年第4期288-296,共9页Materials China

基　　金：人社部留学人员科技活动项目择优资助基金(人社厅函[2013]277号);湖北工业大学海外高层次人才科研启动基金(湖工大科[2005]2号)

摘　　要：作为具有优异机械(强度、模量)与功能(电磁损耗、导热、导电、介电)性质的高比表面积一维纳米碳素材料,碳纳米管(CNTs)通常与聚合物或以硫化镉(CdS)为代表的半导体复合以制得高性能或功能纳米复合材料。当以CNTs为主体、聚合物或CdS为改性剂时,大多制备电磁波吸收或介电复合材料:对于吸波材料,有效的方法为将共轭聚合物或单晶CdS(均为半导体)包覆于CNTs管壁,利用半导体的高传导损耗、偶极极化损耗及CNTs-半导体界面极化损耗三者的耦合来提高CNTs的吸波性能;对于介电材料,一般以低介电损耗极性聚合物基体有效分散CNTs,由此在获得复合材料高介电常数的同时,调控其介电损耗与击穿场强较纯CNTs分别显著降低与升高,从而实现高的电荷储能密度。而当以聚合物或CdS为主体、CNTs为改性剂时:若主体为普通聚合物,则凭借CNTs机械或功能改性剂的体积分数效应,可以制备高强高模、吸波、导热、导电及介电等复合材料;若主体为共轭聚合物或CdS半导体,则由于高比表面积导电CNTs对半导体强烈的光生电子转移效应,有利于制备高效光电(光伏、光致发光、光催化)复合材料。As a high specific surface area, one-dimensional carbon nanomaterial with outstanding mechanical （ strength, modulus, etc. ） and functional （ electromagnetic loss,heat conduction,electric conduction,d ielec tric,etc. ） propertiescarbon nanotubes （ CNTs） are usually compounded with polymer or semiconductor, represented by cadmium sulfide （ CdS ）, to prepare high-performance or functional nanocomposites. When CNTs are used as the host w it li polymer or CdS as the mod-ifier, electromagnetic wave absorbing or dielectric composites are mostly prepared. For thie preparation ofective methiod is to wrap CNTs withi a conjugated polymer or monocrystalline CdS （ eithier is a semiconductor）, thereby im-proving the wave absorbing property of CNTs via a ternary coupling of thie semiconductor is high conduction loss, its dipolar polarization loss, and the CNTs-semiconductor interfacial polarization loss. While, for the preparation of the la tte r,CNTsare generally dispersed effectively in a low dielectric loss, polar polymer matrix to obtain a higher permittivity of the CNTs/polymer composite as well as to decrease its dielectric loss and increase breakdown field intensity significantly, thus to accomplish a high charge-energy storage density. Conversely, a polymer or CdS also is used as the host withCNTs as the modifier. Based on an ordinary polymer host, the composites with high strength and modulus,wave ab- sorbing,heat conductive, electrically conductive and die-lectric can be prepared by means of a volume fraction efectof the CNTs mechanical or functional modifier incorporated. Nevertheless, a conjugated-polymer or CdS semiconductor host favors the preparation of photoelectronic （ photovoltaic, photoluminescent, photocatalytic, etc. ） composites with high effi-ciency due to strong photoelectrons transfer effect on semiconductor caused by the high specific suof CNTs.

关 键 词：碳纳米管 分散 聚合物 硫化镉 复合材料 

分 类 号：TB34[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]