秸秆条带还田对东北春玉米产量、土壤水氮及根系分布的影响  

Effects of Straw Strip Returning on Spring Maize Yield, Soil Moisture, Nitrogen Contents and Root Distribution in Northeast China

作　　者：安俊朋 李从锋[2] 齐华[1] 隋鹏祥 张文可[1] 田平[1] 有德宝[1] 梅楠 邢静[1] AN Jun-Peng;LI Cong-Feng;QI Hua;SUI Peng-Xiang;ZHANG Wen-Ke;TIAN Ping;YOU De-Bao;MEI Nan;XING Jing(Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China;Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2018年第5期774-782,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503116);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300103;2016YFD0300801)资助~~

摘　　要：为探讨秸秆条带还田对东北春玉米产量的影响,及其与土壤水氮及根系空间分布的关系,2015年和2016年在辽宁铁岭开展田间试验,设置垄间旋耕+秸秆还田(RR+S)、垄间旋耕(RR)、隔行垄间旋耕+秸秆还田(IR+S)和隔行垄间旋耕(IR)4种处理方式。结果表明,与不还田处理相比,RR+S和IR+S分别增产6.7%和8.2%,其穗粒数、收获指数均显著增加,但千粒重差异不显著;RR+S和IR+S处理较RR和IR处理,30~60 cm土层土壤水分含量提高7.8%和6.1%,0~30 cm土层土壤全氮含量平均增加6.9%和4.5%。秸秆还田处理较秸秆不还田处理玉米根长密度增加29.4%和22.7%,其中30~60 cm土层达到显著水平,根冠比降低21.0%和32.3%,水分利用效率提高7.8%和7.0%。垄间与隔行垄间处理间水氮空间分布存在明显差异,垄间处理(RR+S和RR)的土壤水、氮在空间上呈"植株中心两侧含量对称分布"状态,而隔行垄间处理(IR+S和IR)则呈"植株中心两侧含量不对称分布"状态。说明秸秆条带还田(RR+S和IR+S)通过优化耕层土壤结构及土壤水氮分布,显著提高了水分利用效率和籽粒产量,但水氮空间分布对产量未产生直接影响。此外,干旱年份(2015年)秸秆条带还田的增产效果更为显著,为东北春玉米高产高效和秸秆综合利用提供有益的借鉴。Field experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Tieling city, Liaoning province of Northeast China to study the effects of straw stripe returning on yield of spring maize, and the relationships of yield with soil moisture, nitrogen and maize root spatial distribution. The experiments included four treatments： （1） the ridges of the rotary tillage with straw returning （RR＋S）, （2） the ridges of rotary tillage without straw returning （RR）, （3） interlaced ridges of rotary tillage with straw returning （IR＋S）, （4） interlaced ridges of rotary tillage without straw returning （IR）. Compared with no straw returning, under RR＋S and IR＋S treatments the yield, increased by 6.7% and 8.2%, respectively, with more significant yield-increasing effect in dry year （2015） than in rainy year （2016）; their grain number per spike and harvest index increased significantly, but there was no significant difference in 1000-grain weight; their soil moisture content increased by 7.8% and 6.1%, and their soil nitrogen increased by 6.9% and 4.5%, respectively; their root length significantly increased by 29.4% and 22.7%, and the water use efficiency was increased by 7.8% and 7.0%, respectively. We conclude that the straw strip returning （RR＋S and IR＋S） can improve water use efficiency and grain yield by optimizing distribution of soil structure, moisture and nitrogen. This study provides useful references for improving spring maize yield and straw comprehensive utilization in Northeast of China.

关 键 词：秸秆条带还田 产量 根系分布 土壤水分 氮素分布 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]