中国农业绿色全要素生产率测算  

Measurement for China's agricultural green TFP

作　　者：葛鹏飞 王颂吉[2] 黄秀路[3] GE Peng-fei1, WANG Song-ji2, HUANG Xiu-lu3(1. College of Economics ＆ Management, Northwest A ＆ F University, Yangling Shannxi 712100, China ; 2. School of Economics and Management, Northwest University, Xi＇an Shannxi 710127, China; 3. Jinhe Center for Economic Research, Xi＇an Jiaotong University, Xi＇an Shannxi 710049, Chin)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学经济管理学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710127 [3]西安交通大学金禾经济研究中心,陕西西安710049

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2018年第5期66-74,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"中国式分权;城乡要素错配与全要素生产率损失"(批准号:71603204);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"中国式分权下的城乡要素配置扭曲对全要素生产率的影响研究"(批准号:16YJC790101);西北大学改革开放40周年系列研究课题(批准号:17ZX03)

摘　　要：发展绿色农业需要准确而全面地掌握农业绿色发展现状,因此测算农业绿色全要素生产率成为一项重要的基础性研究工作。现有文献在投入产出指标选择上未达成统一认识,尤其对于非期望产出指标的选择争议较大,因此影响测算结论的科学性。本文在综合借鉴已有文献的基础上,依据中国农业的发展现实及统计数据的口径资料,对农业的投入产出指标进行重塑,着重分析了碳排放作为非期望产出的现实基础,利用基于SBM-DDF方法的Luenberger指数对2001—2015年中国31个省份的农业绿色全要素生产率进行测度,并分析其时空演变和收敛性。研究发现:(1)中国农业平均碳排放强度从2001年开始经历了小幅上升期和平衡期,并在2006年之后呈现出显著下降趋势,中部农业碳排放强度最高,西部最低。(2)碳排放的无效率和机械动力投入的无效率是各省农业绿色无效率的主要来源;与东部相比,中西部劳动投入的无效率性显著,尤其西部应该加快农业劳动力的转移。(3)中国农业绿色TFP年均增长率为1.56%,增长率在东中西部依次递减,在粮食主产区、主销区和平衡区依次下降。(4)除粮食主销区存在绝对β收敛外,全国、东中西部、其余粮食功能区均不存在绝对β收敛和σ收敛;但全国及各区域均存在显著的条件β收敛。结论启示,依靠提升绿色TFP来实现中国农业绿色发展尚有很大空间;农业绿色全要素生产率较低的省份应加强与"前沿省份"的交流与合作,通过引进先进农业生产技术和农业管理经验,逐步缩小与"前沿省份"的差距;特别对于粮食主产区,各省份间呈现出明显的两极分化现象,这不利于粮食生产安全。Developing green agriculture requires us to precisely and thoroughly grasp its current development situation, so it is an critical research to measure agricultural green TFP. Existed literature has no consensus on selection of input and output indices, especially undesirable output indices, thus affecting measurement effectiveness. Based on the reality of carbon emission as undesirable output, this paper reconstructs input and output indices for agricultural sector, applies SBM-DDF-Luenberger method to measure agricultural green TFP for China＇ s 31 provinces during 2001 -2015, and analyzes their temporal-spatial shifts and convergence. The paper has following research findings： ①Average carbon emission intensity experienced a slightly rising and stationary phase since 2001, while showing a significant decreasing trend after 2006, with the middle the highest and the west the lowest.②nefficiency of carbon emission and mechanical power is the main source of provincial agricultural green inefficiency. Particularly, labor inefficiency is more significant in the middle and the west than in the east. The west especially should speed up agricultural labor transfer. ③China＇ s agricultural green TFP grows by 1.56% annually, and the growth rate decreases following the east, the middle and the west and following main grain producing areas, major selling areas and balancing areas.④ Except that absolute β convergence exists in the main grain producing areas, absolute β and σ convergence are not observed nationally, regionally and in other grain functional areas, whereas conditional βconvergence is significantly witnessed nationally and regionally. Results indicate that there is a large room to improve China＇ s agricultural development by upgrading green TFP. Provinces with a lower agricultural green TFP should enhance communication and cooperation with frontier provinces, and gradually narrow the gap by introducing advanced agricultural production technology and management experience. This is especially cru

关 键 词：绿色农业 农业绿色全要素生产率 SBM—DDF—Luenberger 

分 类 号：F326[经济管理—产业经济]