桑椹菌核病防治用药适期调查和防治方案制定  

A Study on Appropriate Drug Applying Period and Control Methods Against Mulberry Sclerotium Disease

作　　者：张彩萍 于少芳 刘生有 马焕艳 沈国新[2,3] 陈琳 Zhang Caiping;Yu Shaofang;Liu Shengyou;Ma Huanyan;Shen Guoxin;Chen Lin(Tiantai Bureau of Special Forestry Products, Tiantai Zhejiang 317200, China;Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;Forestry Bureau of Changshan County, Changshan Zhejiang 324200, China;Agricultural Department of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310021, China)

机构地区：[1]天台县林业特产局,浙江天台317200 [2]浙江省农业科学院蚕桑研究所,杭州310021 [3]常山县林业局,浙江常山324200 [4]浙江省农业厅,杭州310021

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2018年第2期216-225,共10页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：浙江省农业(畜禽)新品种选育重大科技专项(No.2016C02054-19);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(No.31402140);家蚕基因组生物学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(No.SKLSGB20120007)

摘　　要：针对浙江省果桑种植区桑椹菌核病发生与为害严重的问题,拟通过观察桑花不同发育阶段各器官的形态变化,划分接种感染时期及接种部位,调查感染率及病原侵染部位,据此确定病害的防治适期,并且通过田间防效试验确定2种常用防治药剂的用量和施药次数。在桑树开花及果实发育的不同时期、不同部位人工接种病原菌（桑实杯盘菌Ciboria shiraiana）,发现病原菌侵染桑花的起始时间是初花期,侵染部位是雌花柱头,被感染的桑花柱头完全伸展开,颜色呈乳白色或白色。在桑树开花的不同时期以2种常用防治药物供试,通过不同用药次数和不同用药浓度的组合试验调查其防治效果,结果表明：甲基托布津和多菌灵仍然是防治桑椹菌核病的有效药剂,2种药剂分别以质量浓度1 mg/L、1.5 mg/L的药液轮流施用3次（每次间隔7 d）,防治效果可达95%以上,其中第1次施药在花穗形成后到初花期,此时大部分桑花柱头呈半圆形卷曲状、部分开始伸展,颜色介于浅绿色至乳白色之间,但尚未完全成熟。调查施药时间、施药次数和施药浓度对成熟桑椹的果实性状（果长、果横径、千克果实数量、单粒果实质量）影响不明显,而桑果产量则与感病率相关。依据试验结果初步认为,果桑生产实践中可以通过观察桑花柱头的形态辅助开花物候期来确定桑椹菌核病的防治适期,实施上述组合防治方案可达到较好的防治效果。Mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis outbreaks seriously in fruit mulberry gardens of Zhejiang Province. In this study,after artificial inoculation of the pathogenic bacteria（ Ciboria shiraiana） on different parts of mulberry flower at different flower and fruit development stages,we observed the morphological variation of flowering organs and investigated the pathogen infection rate and infection site to determine the appropriate application period for control of mulberry fruit sclerotinio-sis. In addition,the application dosage and application times of two commonly used drugs were studied through field control test. The results showed that the pathogen infected the stigma of female flowers at the initial blooming stage. The infected mulberry flower stigma was fully extended and the color changed into milk-white or pure white. According to the control effect of different spraying times and different concentrations of thiophanate methyl and carbendazim at different mulberry flowering stages,these two drugs could be used to prevent and control mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis effectively. The control effect achieved over 95% after alternative application of 1 mg/L and 1. 5 mg/L thiophanate methyl and carbendazim for three times（ time interval 7 d）. The first application time was from flowering spike formation stage to the initial blooming stage,at which most mulberry flower stigmas were semicircular curl,some stigmas stretched,and the color appeared as light green to milk-white,but not yet fully mature. Application period,application times and drug concentration had no significant impact on fruit characters（ including fruit length,fruit width,number of fruit per kg and single fruit weight）,but mulberry fruit yield was related to infection rate. In the production practice,it is possible to determine the suitable control period of mulberry fruit sclerotiniosis by observing the growing status of mulberry flower stigma and flowering phenology. Combined with the prevention and control measures mentioned above,good co

关 键 词：桑椹肥大性菌核病 防治适期 初花期 花柱头 药物防治 

分 类 号：S888.719[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养] S471[农业科学—畜牧兽医]