塞拉麦涅斯与公元前5世纪后期的雅典政治  

Theramenes and Athenian Politics in Late 5th Century B.C.

作　　者：陈超 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史系

出　　处：《史林》2018年第2期158-167,221,共10页Historical Review

摘　　要：长期以来,学界认为政党是公元前5世纪后期雅典政治家的主要组织形式,政治家根据阶级和利益,分化成两到三个组织完善、纲领明确的政治党派。但这套理论在塞拉麦涅斯身上明显失效。在政治活动中,塞拉麦涅斯不断变换立场,不属于任何"党派"。对其政治活动的研究表明,公元前5世纪后期的雅典政治不是党派政治,因为当时不存在任何稳定的、真正意义上的党派,政治家影响政局主要是依靠"结社"。"结社"以政治家私人关系和个人利益为基础,主要功能是解决个别的政治或司法问题,性质和政党明显不同。It has long been believed that political parties were the main form of political organization in late 5 th century B. C. Athens,politicians divided themselves into two or three political parties which had both stable structure and long-standing ideology. But this theory does not work on Theramenes,who kept jumping from one side to another. What's more,a close study of his political life shows that there were no stable political parties in the modern sense in late 5 th century Athens,Athenian politicians combined to influence politics through small clubs "hetaireiai",which were built on the basis of personal relationship and personal interests. The main purpose of hetaireiai was to solve the political and judicial problems of their members,and the nature of hetaireiai was very different from that of political parties.

关 键 词：雅典 雅典民主制 “结社” 政党 塞拉麦涅斯 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学]