我国需加快推行天然气热值计量计价改革  

Accelerating the reform of the measurement and pricing of natural gas calorific value in China

作　　者：吴谋远[1] 殷冬青[1] 何春蕾[2] 余岭[1] 谢薇[1] 刘畅[1] WU Mouyuan;YIN Dongqing;HE Chunlei;YU Ling;XIE Wei;LIU Chang(CNPC Economics ＆ Technology Research Institute;PetroChina Southwest Oil ＆ Gasfield Company)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院 [2]中国石油西南油气田公司天然气经济研究所

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2018年第4期38-41,59,共5页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：按热值计价是国际天然气市场的通行做法。我国对天然气实行以体积计量为主的计价方式,存在多种问题:经济上显失公平,不利于天然气市场价格形成;掺混空气或氮气作假危害大,不利于天然气推广使用;不同品质天然气入网难,不利于推进油气管网公平开放。按体积计量计价的方式严重阻碍我国天然气行业高质量发展,在油气行业加快推进市场化改革的环境下,亟需加快实施天然气按热值计量与计价改革。当前我国已经具备实施天然气以热值计价的现实基础。在推行这一改革过程中,应加快完善法律法规和标准体系,加强基础能力建设;建立有效监管机制,创新监管方式;制定改革时间表,分类实施,逐步推进。At present, it is the common practice for international gas market to calculate the heat value by calorific value. There are multiple problems of China＇s domestic gas measurement based on volume measurement, for example, economic inequality is not conducive to the formation of gas market price; mixing air or nitrogen is harmful to the use of natural gas; different quality natural gas is difficult to access, which is not conducive to promoting fair and open pipeline network. The volume measurement seriously hinders the high-quality development of natural gas industry in China, and it is urgent to speed up the reform of heat measurement and valuation under the background of facilitating marketization reform in the oil and gas industry. China already has the realistic foundation of implementing heat measurement of natural gas in pricing. It is suggested that China should speed up the improvement of laws, regulations and standard systems, strengthen basic capacity building, establish effective supervision mechanism and innovating supervision mode, formulate a timetable for reform and implement it by category with a step-by-step manner.

关 键 词：天然气计量 天然气计价方式 热值计量计价 天然气价值 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]