3200m HiHiLo免疫和炎症反应应答特征及其对有氧运动能力的影响  

The Immune, Inflammation and Aerobic Capacity Response to Living High-Training High-Training Low under Simulated 3200m Normobaric Hypoxia

作　　者：高欢[1] 李涛[1] 高炳宏[2] 王玺[1] 张昊楠[1] 梁世雷[1] GAO Huan;LI Tao;GAO Bing-hong;WANG Xi;ZHANG Hao-nanl;LIANG Shi-lei(Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai 200030, China;Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.)

机构地区：[1]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030 [2]上海体育学院,上海200438

出　　处：《体育科学》2018年第4期54-60,共7页China Sport Science

基　　金：上海备战重大比赛重点项目运动员竞技能力提升关键技术研究(15dz1208001)

摘　　要：目的:探讨较高海拔高度下高住高练低练(living high-training high-training low,HiHiLo)这一模拟低氧训练方式对运动员免疫机能、炎症反应和运动能力的影响。方法:以12名女子公开级赛艇运动员为研究对象,持续3 200 m HiHiLo训练3周,每周7天均在低氧环境中睡眠;分别在每周二、周五下午安排有低氧环境(3 200 m)中有氧耐力训练各1 h,靶心率范围140~160 bpm。1周训练结束调整后次日晨空腹采肘静脉血测量各指标;以多级递增负荷测试评价运动员有氧运动能力的变化。以重复测量方差分析比较各时间点免疫机能及炎症反应相关指标的变化差异。以配对t检验比较各指标两个时间点间的差异。结果:1)3周3 200 m HiHiLo过程中WBC计数各时间点存在显著差异(P=0.01);与HiHiLo前比较,HiHiLo第1周WBC计数显著降低(P<0.05);GR%、MO%、LY各时间点均无显著性差异;2)HiHiLo过程中T%、NK%在HiHiLo各时间点上存在显著差异(P=0.046、0.048);其中,HiHiLo第1周T%显著高于HiHiLo前(P<0.05),NK%则显著低于HiHiLo前(P<0.05);HiHiLo第2、3周T%、NK%维持在HiHiLo第1周水平,出低氧后1周恢复;3)CD4^+、CD8^+T淋巴细胞亚群百分比在HiHiLo过程中各个时间点均无显著性差异;CD4^+/CD8^+逐渐升高,HiHiLo第3周显著高于HiHiLo结束后第1周(P<0.05);4)HiHiLo过程中各时间点B%、IgA、IgM、IgG浓度均未表现出显著性差异;5)HiHiLo期间CPR均处于正常范围,但各个时间点血浆CPR浓度存在显著差异;其中,HiHiLo第3周CRP浓度显著低于第1、2周和出低氧后第1周;血浆IL-6、TNF-α浓度在整个HiHiLo过程中均未发生显著改变;6)3周HiHiLo后,多级递增负荷测试中120 W、160 W对应的即刻血乳酸浓度显著降低(P=0.001、0.047),各级负荷对应的即刻心率均显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:持续3周以中低强度有氧训练为主要训练内容的3 200 m HiHiLo有助于女子赛艇运动员有氧运动能力的改善。但HiHiLo第1周可能出现一�Objective： This study was to explore the characteristics of immune response to living hightraining high-training low（HiHiLo） under simulated 3 200 m hypoxia. Method： Twelve female rowers slept in simulated 3 200 m normbaric hypoxia at least eight hours a day and trained under 3200 m hypoxia two times per week for three weeks. The target heart rate of hypoxic training was 140~160 bpm. After 1 day rest every week, blood was taken from cubital veins to measure different kinds of variables. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to test differences in different time point. Paired T test was employed to compare the difference between two weeks. Results： 1） During HiHiLo period, WBC count show a significant time effect（P=0.01）. Compared with pre-HiHiLo, WBC count decreased significantly in the 1 st week of HiHiLo. GR%, LY% and MO% had no obvious change. 2） There were a significant time effect both in T% and NK%（P=0.046、0.048）. In the 1 st week of HiHiLo, T% elevated and NK% decreased significantly compared with pre-HiHiLo（P0.05）. 3） No significant time effect was observed both in the CD4~＋ and CD8~＋. But the ratio of CD4~＋ to CD8~＋ decreased obviously in the 1 st week after 3-week HiHiLo（P0.05）. 4） No significant time effects were observed in B%, Ig A, Ig M and Ig G during HiHiLo. 5） Plasma CRP kept in a normal range and show an obvious time effect. Compared with the 1 st, 2 nd and post-1 st week of HiHiLo, plasma CRP of the 3 rd week was obviously lower. No significant time effect of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α was observed. 6） After 3-week HiHiLo, the blood lactate reduced significantly in 120 W and 160 W（P=0.001, 0.047）and the heart rate decreased significantly in all three steps（all P0.01）. Conclusion： 3-week living high-training high-training low under simulated 3200 m normobaric hypoxia in low to middle aerobic intensity training period could improve aerobic capacity of female rowers. But it may lead to immunological stress in the first week. This stre

关 键 词：低氧训练 免疫应答 炎症反应 有氧运动能力 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]