番茄叶霉病菌对咯菌腈敏感基线的建立及田间防治效果评价  

Establishment of Sensitivity Baseline and Evaluation of Field Control Efficacy of Fludioxonil Against Fulvia fulva

作　　者：禾丽菲 陈乐乐 肖斌[2] 赵时峰 李秀环 慕卫 刘峰 HE LiFei;CHEN LeLe;XIAO Bin;ZHAO ShiFeng;LI XiuHuan;MU Wei;LIU Feng(College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology ＆ Application Technique, Taian 271018, Shandong;Shandong Provincial Pesticide Verification Institute, Ji ＇nan 250100;Shenxian Agriculture Bureau, Liaocheng 252400, Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学植物保护学院/山东省蔬菜病虫生物学重点实验室/山东省高校农药毒理与应用技术重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省农药检定所,济南250100 [3]莘县农业局,山东聊城252400

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2018年第8期1475-1483,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200500);山东省重大科技创新工程(2017CXGC0207)

摘　　要：【目的】番茄叶霉病是危害温室番茄的重要病害之一,其致病菌对常用杀菌剂已产生不同程度的抗性,亟待开发高效替代药剂。研究旨在探索番茄叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva)对咯菌腈的敏感性,建立敏感性基线,明确咯菌腈在田间的防治效果。【方法】在山东济南、泰安、聊城、潍坊、莱芜、淄博6个蔬菜产区采集感叶霉病的番茄叶片,经分离纯化后,培养得到126株番茄叶霉菌株;采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,测定咯菌腈对3株代表菌株菌丝生长、分生孢子萌发和芽管伸长3个生长发育阶段的抑制活性;利用菌丝生长速率法测定不同地区的126株菌株对咯菌腈的敏感性,并建立敏感性基线。通过两年的田间试验,评价咯菌腈的保护作用和治疗作用。【结果】咯菌腈对番茄叶霉病菌芽管伸长和菌丝生长均有较强的抑制活性,平均EC50值分别为0.30和0.80μg·m L^(-1),而对孢子萌发抑制作用较弱,平均EC50值均>100μg·m L^(-1)。不同地区番茄叶霉病菌群体间对咯菌腈的敏感性均无显著差异。其中,潍坊地区叶霉菌株对咯菌腈敏感性最高,平均EC50值为0.43μg·m L^(-1);淄博地区叶霉菌株敏感性相对较低,平均EC50值为0.79μg·m L^(-1)。泰安、济南、聊城、莱芜地区的叶霉菌株敏感性无显著差异,平均EC50值分别为0.65、0.75、0.71、0.58μg·m L^(-1)。咯菌腈对供试菌株菌丝生长的EC50值在0.16—1.69μg·m L^(-1),平均值为0.64μg·m L^(-1),敏感性频率呈单峰曲线分布,符合正态分布,可作为番茄叶霉病菌对咯菌腈的敏感性基线。2016—2017年田间试验表明,咯菌腈对番茄叶霉病均具有较好的防治效果,咯菌腈在60.75 g a.i./hm^2剂量下对番茄叶霉病保护作用和治疗作用防治效果分别为72.21%—75.02%和61.94%—70.65%,均显著高于对照药剂苯醚甲环唑100 g a.i./hm^2、代森锰锌700 g a.i./hm^2和甲基硫菌灵540 g a.i./hm^2,与氟吡菌酰胺150 g a【Objective】Tomato leaf mold is one of the most devastating diseases that endanger greenhouse tomato. At present, Fulvia fulva has been reported to develop resistance to common fungicides, and thus the control efficacy reduced. It is necessary to develop and introduce the new and effective alternative fungicides. The objective of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of F. fulva to fludioxonil, establish baseline toxicity and definite the effect of disease prevention of fludioxonil in the field.【Method】The strains of tomato leaf mold were collected from six vegetable production areas, including Ji’nan, Taian, Liaocheng, Weifang, Laiwu and Zibo in Shandong Province. After isolation and purification, 126 strains of F. fulva were obtained. With the methods of inhibition rate on mycelial growth and spore germination, the inhibitory activity of fludioxonil against mycelial growth, spore germination and germ tube elongation at different growth and development stages of 3 representative strains was determined. The sensitivity of 126 strains from different regions in Shandong to fludioxonil was determined by mycelial growth rate method, and the sensitive baseline was also established. Two-year field trials were conducted to evaluate the protective and curative effects of fludioxonil.【Result】Fludioxonil had high inhibitory activity against germ tube elongation and mycelial growth, the average EC50 values were 0.30 and 0.80 μg·m L-1, respectively, but the inhibition of spore germination of F. fulva was weak, the average EC50 values were greater than 100 μg·m L-1. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of the strains among different populations of tomato leaf mold. Among them, the strains from Weifang had the highest sensitivity to fludioxonil, and the average EC50 value was 0.43 μg·m L-1. The sensitivity of strains from Zibo was relatively low, with an average EC50 value of 0.79 μg·m L-1. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of F. fulva in Taian, Ji’nan, Liaoc

关 键 词：番茄叶霉病菌 咯菌腈 敏感基线 田间防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.412.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]