水氮调控对日光温室番茄生长和产量的影响  

The Effects of Water and Nitrogen Regulation on Growth and the Yield of Tomato in Solar Greenhouses

作　　者：张芳园 刘玉春 蔡伟 郭彬 杨小蛟 ZHANG Fang-yuan;LIU Yu-chun;CAI Wei;GUO Bin;YANG Xiao-jiao(Institute of Urban and Rural Construction, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei Province, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学城乡建设学院水利系,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2018年第4期1-5,9,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201901);河北省科技计划项目(15227003D)

摘　　要：为了评价日光温室蔬菜园区的经验水肥管理的节水减肥潜力,采用全面试验设计法,研究了日光温室滴灌和膜下沟灌两种灌水技术条件下,节水减氮对番茄株高、茎粗、叶绿素和产量的影响。结果表明:相比于膜下沟灌,滴灌技术番茄茎粗增加3%~6%,叶绿素增加0%~15%,产量增加5%~10%;对于同种灌水技术,高灌水量增产0%~15%;秋冬季试验两种灌水技术条件下,中等施氮量较低施氮量增产18.8%和12.7%、较高施氮量增产13.6%和16.9%。综合考虑认为,滴灌技术比膜下沟灌技术效果好,园区经验灌水量能满足番茄生长和产量要求,后期追肥过程中可适当降低施氮量。In order to evaluate the potential of saving water and reduce fertilizers in water and fertilizer management of vegetable garden in solar greenhouses,a comprehensive experimental design method is adopted,the effects of water saving and nitrogen reduction on plant height,stem diameter,chlorophyll and yield of tomato are studied under the conditions of drip irrigation and under film furrow irrigation in solar greenhouse. The results show that： compared to under film furrow irrigation,drip irrigation technology tomato stem diameter increases by3% ~ 6%,chlorophyll increases by 0% ~ 15%,the yield increases by 5% ~ 10%; for the same kind of irrigation technology,high irrigation can increase the yield 0% ~ 15%. In autumn and winter test two kinds of irrigation technology conditions,moderate nitrogen application increases the yield by 18. 8% and 12. 7% compared with the low nitrogen application rate,and increases the yield by 13. 6% and 16. 9%compared with the high nitrogen application rate. Overall consideration,drip irrigation technology is better than under film furrow irrigation technology,the experience irrigation amount of the garden can meet the growth and yield of tomatoes,the amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced properly in the later topdressing process.

关 键 词：节水减肥 番茄 滴灌 膜下沟灌 叶绿素 产量 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程]