苏云金芽孢杆菌-神奇细菌的百年传奇  

Bacillus Thuringiensis-A Hundred Years’ Legend of Magical Bacteria

作　　者：巩鹏涛 吴仲琦[2,3,4] 周燕 方宣钧 Gong Pengtao;Wu Zhongqi;Zhou Yan;Fang Xuanjun(Alkali Soil Natural Environmental Science Center （ASNESC）, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040;Institute of Life Sciences, Jiyang Col- lege of Zhejiang A＆F University, Zhuji, 311800;Cuixi Academy of Biotechnology, Zhuji, 311800;Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources （HITAR）, Sanya, 572025;College of Life Science ＆ Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学盐碱地生物环境研究中心,哈尔滨150040 [2]浙江农林大学暨阳学院生命科学研究所,诸暨311800 [3]诸暨市翠溪生物技术研究院,诸暨311800 [4]海南省热带农业资源开发利用研究所,三亚572025 [5]广西大学生命科学与技术学院,南宁530004

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2018年第4期1531-1538,共8页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：海南省热带农业资源研究所《中国Bt资源收集与鉴定项目》(China National Bt Strains Resource Initiative(Bt SRI))资助

摘　　要：苏云金芽孢杆菌作为一种革兰氏阳性有孢子生成的细菌可以生成多种多样性的杀虫蛋白,这使得其在过去近一百年中作为一种生物杀虫剂得到应用广泛应用。这种传奇的微生物不但在作物的害虫防治方面得到极大的应用和推广,而在蚊虫的防控及一些类型的癌细胞的防治方面也有其独有作用。苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫蛋白对其宿主的高度特异性及随着分子技术手段的进展而得到进一步的发掘利用,Bt转基因作物的商业化应用极大的减少了环境污染严重的化学用药的使用。苏云金芽孢杆菌在现在农业生产中占有极重要的地位。本综述将就苏云金芽孢杆菌的发现历史、生态与发育、毒蛋白的多样性及杀虫特异性、毒蛋白的结构及机理、在农林生产中的应用、环境安全和抗性进行简述。Bacillus thuringiensis as a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium can produce a variety of insecticidal proteins, which makes it widely used as a biopesticide for nearly a hundred years. This legendary microbe has not only been greatly applied and promoted in the crop pest control, but also has its unique role in the prevention and control of mosquitoes and some types of cancer. The high specificity of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein to its host was further exploited with the progress of molecular techniques. The commercialization of Bt transgenic crops has greatly reduced the use of chemical insecticides with severe environmental pollution. So Bacillus thuringiensis has a very important position in modern agricultural production. In this paper, we would review the discovery history, ecology and development, diversity of insect proteins and specificity against target pests, structure and mechanism of toxic proteins, application in agriculture and forestry production, environmental safety and resistance.

关 键 词：苏云金芽孢杆菌 杀虫毒蛋白 靶标昆虫 机理 转基因作物 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]