复合词内部的成分形类、韵律、语义的匹配规则及其理据  

Matching rules on grammatical class of constituents,semantics and prosody of compounds and the motivation

作　　者：孟凯[1] Meng Kai

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2018年第3期93-103,共11页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(项目批准号:16YJC740052);北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;项目编号:17PT02)资助

摘　　要：以三音复合词中比重最大的偏正式为研究视点,通过名名、动名、形名三种形类组配中[2+1]和[1+2]两种韵律模式与复合词内部语义之间关系的分析,我们发现,虽然偏正式的整体语义是对中心语位置的事物或现象进行分类、命名或修饰、说明,但复合词内部的成分形类、韵律、语义之间却呈现出一定的倾向性匹配:"[2+1]—名名—‘论元+中心词’型"为强势匹配,"[2+1]—动名—动_双是名_单的功用角色"也较常见,"[1+2]—形名—形_单多角度说明名_单"是非主流韵律模式[1+2]的强势匹配。[2+1]和[1+2]形名匹配语义透明度不高,表现为"形"对中心成分"名"的某种属性进行提示或描摹。这些匹配规则的形成主要与中心名词性成分的性质(如是否为人造类)以及不同形类的定语成分对中心成分的凸显侧面有关。Taking the largest proportion of trisyllabic compounds the modifier-head compounds as an example, this paper makes an analysis on the relationship between the two prosody models （[2＋1]/[1＋2]） from three grammatical class （NN/AN/VN） and the in- ternal semantics of compounds. Although the overall semantics of modifier-head compounds is to classify, name, modify or illustrate the things and phenomena in the position of central word, it is found that there is a certain tendency of matching rules among the grammatical class of constituents, semantics and prosody of the compounds, that is, ‘[2＋1-NN-argu- ment-head＇ is a predominant match and ‘[2＋1]-VN-V is the telic role of artifactual N＇ is also common while ‘[1＋2]-AN-A illustrating N in multi-dimension＇ is a predominant match of non-mainstream prosodic pattern [1＋2]. Moreover, the opaque semantic relation between A and N shows that A is a kind of hinting or depicting to some property of N in [2 ＋1] and [1 ＋2] modifier-head compounds. Finally, this paper explores the motivation of the matching rules mentioned above, which dues to the attributes of head N （eg. whether it is an artificial class or not） and the salient profile to head constituents from different modifiers.

关 键 词：复合词 三音节 韵律 形类 语义 匹配规则 理据 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]