论外交政策的价值及外交政策体现的价值观  

Values of Foreign Policy and Values in Foreign Policy

作　　者：弗拉基米尔.亚库宁 孙明丽[3] 

机构地区：[1]罗蒙诺索夫莫斯科大学政治学院国家政治系 [2]文明对话研究院董事会 [3]吉林大学外国语学院英语系

出　　处：《东北亚论坛》2018年第3期36-44,127,共9页Northeast Asia Forum

摘　　要：本文拟探讨现代国际关系诸多的关键问题之一,即价值观因素在外交决策过程中扮演的角色与地位。自西方取得冷战的胜利以来,曾长期决定国家间关系的现实主义权力政治开始被视为时代错误。福山(F.Fukuyama)关于历史终结的讨论预告了一个新纪元的开始:硬实力让位于软实力;国家间的冲突让位于基于相同价值观的合作。全球化经济将塑造全新的世界框架。认为冷战已经结束的乐观态度持续了大约十年。然而,笔者发现即使是发达国家其安全也未得到保障;边界的划定也不是一劳永逸的;同一条国际准则(norm)被解释得五花八门,这样的情况并不少见。多年以来,政治家和学者们都一致宣称世界已经步入了一个充满不确定的动荡时期。笔者在21世纪错综复杂的政治语境下,从价值观因素的现实主义视角分析了民主和平论的不同方面,将其投射于美国外交政策分歧的相关背景下,最终得出以下结论:现实主义权力政治的回归是必要的。冷战的胜利在西方被视为准则的胜利,该胜利移除了掌控世界命运的政治家和统治者头脑中的现实主义逻辑,大量的特定价值观将其取代。二十几年里,在没有任何选择的情况下,上述价值观的普及不仅没有提高反而降低了世界政治的可预见性。认识到在现代国际关系中价值观因素的作用,笔者试图提出可能被有关各方接受的以价值观为基础的关系模式。The article deals with one of the key issues of modern international relations-the place and role of the factor of value in the process of decision making in the sphere of foreign policy.After the victory of the West in the Cold War,the idea of Realpolitik which had for a long time been determining the relations between states began to be seen as an anachronism.The thesis of F.Fukuyama about the end of history heralded the beginning of a new epoch.Hard power was to give place to soft power;conflicts among the states were to give place to cooperation on the basis of common values.Global economy was to become the new framework of the world.The optimism of the end of the Cold War had been justified for nearly a decade.However,later it turned out that security is not guaranteed even for successful countries;borders are not established once and for all;international norms are construed in such a manner that at times it is impossible to understand whether it is the same norms that are construed.Both the politicians and the representatives of the academic community have been saying for a number of years that the world has entered a period of uncertainty and turbulence.The author looks at the perspectives of the factor of value in the complex political world of the XXI century.The victory in the Cold War,which had been considered a norm in the West,led to the displacement of the realistic logic from the minds of politicians and rulers of the world's destinies,replacing it with a number of particular values.The universalization of said values in the absence of any attractive alternatives in the period of over twenty years has not contributed to the rise of predictability in the world politics,but rather has reduced it.recognizing the role of the factor of value in the modern international relations,the author proposes to open a discussion about the types of value-based models that would be acceptable to all the parties concerned.

关 键 词：国际关系 价值观 软实力 全球世界秩序 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学]