吉林省春玉米农业气候资源适宜度时空分布特征  

Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of spring maize agro-climatic resources suitability in Jilin province

作　　者：邱美娟 郭巧[2] 郭春明[2] 王冬妮[2] 袁福香[2] 慕臣英[3] QIU Mei-juan1,2 ,GUO Qiao2 ,GUO Chun-ming2 ,WANG Dong-ni2, YUAN Fu-xiang2, MU Chen-ying3(1. Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166, China; 2. Institute of Meteorological Sciences in Jilin Province ,Changchun 130062, China; 3. Shenyang Meteorological Service,Shenyang 110168,Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所,辽宁沈阳110166 [2]吉林省气象科学研究所,吉林长春130062 [3]沈阳市气象局,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2018年第2期82-91,共10页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所开放基金"WOFOST作物模型在吉林省春玉米区业务化应用技术研究"(2016SYIAE02);公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY201206018);吉林省气象局农业与生态气象技术与服务创新团队;吉林省气象局气候变化及其影响评估创新团队共同资助

摘　　要：为了明确吉林省春玉米农业气候资源的适宜性,利用模糊数学方法建立了吉林省春玉米各生育期的温度适宜度、降水适宜度、日照时数适宜度和气候适宜度模型,并分析了温度适宜度、降水适宜度、日照时数适宜度和气候适宜度的时空分布特征。结果表明:1961—2010年吉林省春玉米全生育期的温度适宜度呈西高东低的空间分布特征,温度适宜度普遍为0.70以上,总体较适宜,且温度适宜度呈增大的趋势;春玉米营养生长期和生殖生长期的温度适宜度总体与全生育期的温度适宜度分布一致。近50 a吉林省春玉米各生育期日照时数适宜度较高,普遍为0.80—1.00,呈西高东低的空间分布特征。春玉米降水适宜度年际波动幅度较大,普遍为0.40—0.60。吉林省春玉米全生育期气候适宜度基本为0.60—0.75;春玉米营养生长期气候适宜度多为0.70以上,比全生育期气候适宜度偏高;而春玉米生殖生长期的气候适宜度多为0.70以下,比全生育期气候适宜度偏低。近50 a吉林省春玉米气候适宜度不存在明显的区域差异,春玉米各生育期气候适宜度总体呈不显著的减小趋势。In order to understand the agricultural climate resources suitability of spring maize in Jilin province, tem- perature suitability （ TS ）, precipitation suitability （ PS ）, sunshine hour suitability （ SS ） and climate suitability （CS） models for the whole growing season, vegetative growth stage, and reproductive growth stage were estab- lished using a fuzzy mathematical method. Then the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of TS, PS, SS, and CS were analyzed. The results show that, in recent 50 years, the TS for the whole growing season of spring maize in Jilin province is generally more than 0.70 with an increasing trend, which is suitable for maize growing as a whole. TS is higher in western Jilin and lower in eastern Jilin. The distributions of the TS at vegetative and repro- ductive growth stages are in consistent with that of the whole growing season. The SS at each growth stage of spring maize in Jilin province is higher with the value between 0.80 and 1.00. SS is higher in western Jilin and lower in western Jilin. The PS of spring maize at each growth stage is between 0.40 and 0.60, which has larger variation. CS for the whole growing season of spring maize is between 0.60 and 0.75. CS of vegetative growth stage, mostly above 0.70, is higher than that of the whole growing season. However, CS of reproductive growth stage, mostly below 0.70, is lower than that of the whole growing season. For CS of maize in Jilin province, there are no obvious differences between areas. CS of each growth stage shows a decreasing trend though they have not passed the significant test.

关 键 词：温度适宜度 降水适宜度 日照时数适宜度 气候适宜度 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] S513[农业科学—作物学]