2004-2017年哈尔滨市甲肝流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics of hepatitis A in Harbin,2004-2017

作　　者：范晨璐[1] 姜立坤[1] 刘木子[1] 李梦琪 胡丽楠[1] 李玺琨[1] FAN Chen - lu;JIANG Li - kun;LIU Mu - zi;LI Meng - qi;HU Li - nan;LI Xi - kun(Division of Immunization Program, Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150056, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,黑龙江哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第9期1556-1558,1567,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解哈尔滨市2004-2017年甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)流行病学特征,提出防控建议。方法在"中国疾病监测信息报告管理系统"中收集哈尔滨市甲肝发病资料,运用描述流行病学开展分析。结果 2004-2017年哈尔滨市共报告甲肝病例2 182例,平均报告发病率为1.52/10万,整体呈现下降趋势,其中2014年发病数(49例)最低,较2004年(489例)下降了89.98%;时间分布上看,全年均有发病,随着疫苗的使用,发病季节特征逐渐消失;通河县、呼兰区平均发病率较高,分别为7.79/10万、5.03/10万;职业以农民为主,占全部病例的45.7%;病例构成比最高的年龄组为30~44岁组(33.59%),其次为45~59岁组(26.72%),发病率最高的年龄组为75~岁组(2.60/10万),其次为60~74岁组(1.96/10万)。结论甲肝疫苗纳入EPI前后,哈尔滨市甲肝发病率降低明显,接种疫苗使甲肝发病得到明显控制;应加强甲肝监测,针对高发地区、重点人群等制定防控策略。Objective To analyze the epidemical characteristics of hepatitis A in Haerbin City from 2004 through 2017 for making preventions and control strategies. Methods Data about epidemics of hepatitis A in Haerbin City from 2004 through2017 were collected from National Notifiable Disease Report and Management System and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology methods. Results From 2004 to 2017,2182 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Harbin,and the average reported incidence was 1. 52/100 000. The number and incidence of hepatitis A were generally declined during the period and the incidence decreased by 86. 98% in 2014（49） compared to that in 2004（489）. Morbidity was observed throughout the year,and with the use of vaccines,the onset season characteristics gradually disappeared. The incidence of Tonghe and Hulan was higher,and was 7. 79/100 000 and 5. 03/100 000,respectively. Of all the occupations,farmer was mainly,accounting for45. 7% of all cases. The proportions of 30-44 years old（33. 59%） and 45-59 years old（26. 72%） were the highest and the incidences of 75-,60-74 years old were the highest. Conclusion After the Hepatitis A vaccine incorporated into EPI,the incidence of hepatitis A has gradually decreased in Haerbin City. The comprehensive control measures which are dominated by hepatitis A vaccine can effectively reduce the incidence of hepatitis A. Hepatitis A surveillance should be strengthened,and strategies for prevention and control should be formulated for high-risk areas and key groups.

关 键 词：甲型病毒性肝炎 流行特征 发病率 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]