烟台市15岁以下儿童水痘发病特征及危险因素分析  

Incidence characteristics and risk factors of varicella in children under 15 years old,Yantai

作　　者：李娜[1] 冯雪英[1] 孙源[1] 郝凤[1] 李波[1] 陈鹏[1] 崔伟红[1] LI Na;FENG Xue - ying;SUN Yuan;HAO Feng;LI Bo;CHEN Peng;CUI Wei - hong(Yantai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, Shandong 264003, Chin)

机构地区：[1]烟台市疾病预防控制中心,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2018年第9期1581-1584,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2014年烟台市科技计划项目第一批(编号2014WS053)

摘　　要：目的分析烟台市15岁以下儿童水痘发病特征及危险因素,为烟台市水痘防控工作提供理论依据。方法收集2011-2015年烟台市15岁以下儿童水痘的发病特征进行描述性分析;采取病例对照研究方法,对水痘危险因素进行调查分析。结果 2011-2015年烟台市15岁以下儿童水痘发病占病例总数的48.73%,10~14岁年龄组所占构成比最高(占39.33%);发病率呈逐年下降趋势,4~6岁下降幅度最大,达48.80%,其他年龄组均有不同程度的下降。发病高峰为每年的11-1月份和4-6月份,分别占42.60%和31.34%。所有地区均有水痘病例报告,城市高于农村。儿童水痘病例以轻型和中型为主,97.78%的病例无并发症。86.74%的水痘病例无水痘疫苗免疫史。分析结果显示,水痘病人接触史、带状疱疹病人接触史、医院就诊史可能是水痘发病的危险因素,接种水痘疫苗是水痘发病的保护因素。结论做好水痘病例的管理及加强水痘疫苗接种可有效预防水痘的发生。Objective To analyze the characteristics and risk factors of varicella in children under 15 years old in Yantai,and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of varicella in Yantai. Methods Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the incidence of varicella among children under 15 years old in Yantai in 2011-2015. Risk factors of varicella were investigated by a case-control study. Results The varicella cases under 15 years old accounted for 48. 73% in Yantai city in 2011-2015. 10-14 age group accounted for the highest proportion（39. 33%）,and the incidence rates decreased year by year. 4-6 years old group had the highest decline,which was 48. 80%,and the other age groups had different degrees of decline. The incidence rates were high from November to January and from April to June each year,accounting for 42. 60% and 31. 34% of all the cases,respectively. All areas reported varicella cases,and the number of cases was higher in cities than that in rural areas. The varicella cases in children were mainly light and medium-sized,and 97. 78% was free of complications. 86. 74% of varicella cases had no history of varicella vaccine immunization. Multivariate analysis showed that the history of varicella exposure,the history of contact with herpes zoster patients and the history of hospital treatment were probably risk factors for varicella. Vaccination was a protective factor for varicella attack. Conclusion The management of varicella cases and the strengthening of varicella vaccine inoculation can effectively prevent the occurrence of varicella.

关 键 词：儿童 水痘 发病特征 危险因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]