节水灌溉对双季晚稻农田生态及水肥利用的影响  

Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Farmland Ecology and Water and Fertilizer Utilization in Double Cropping Late Rice

作　　者：邱才飞 邵彩虹 关贤交 钱银飞 陈金 张天玉[2] 彭春瑞 QIU Caifei;SHAO Caihong;GUAN Xianjiao;QIAN Yinfei;CHEN Jin;ZHANG Tianyu;PENG Chunrui(Soil and Fertilizer ＆ Resource and Environment Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Eco-physiology and Farming System for Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture of P. R. China,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecology and Resource Utilization in Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330200, China;Dengjabu Rice Foundation Seed Farm of Jiangxi Province, Yujiang Jiangxi 335200, China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所、国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心、农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,江西省农业生态与资源利用重点实验室,南昌330200 [2]江西省邓家埠水稻原种场,江西余江335200

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2018年第4期509-517,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B12); 国家“十三五”科技支撑计划(2016YFD0300507); 江西现代农业科研协同创新专项(JXXTCX2015003-001)

摘　　要：以大田双季晚稻为试验对象,通过设置淹水灌溉(T1)、间歇灌溉(T2)和精准灌溉(T3)3种灌溉方式,研究比较不同灌溉方式下水稻的群体建成、温光利用特点、产量和水分利用效率。结果表明,与T1比较,T2和T3 2种节水灌溉方式的稻田群体结构得到优化,田间温光条件改善,氮磷养分的吸收和转化速率加快,干物质生产量及肥水利用效率显著提高,且T3的增产和节水效果要优于T2。具体表现为T1较T2和T3的最高茎蘖数分别增加7.28%和8.86%;T3的成穗率较T1和T2分别提高20.47%和3.98%;在拔节期和抽穗期,T3的透光性较T1的分别提高41.39%和32.79%,较T2分别提高11.17和12.50%;田间温度在拔节期较T1和T2分别提高1.32℃和0.38℃,在抽穗期分别提高1.33℃和0.16℃;T3在抽穗前和抽穗后的干物质积累速率较T1分别提高14.58%和15.13%,氮积累速率分别增加8.17%和173.95%,磷积累速率分别增加3.70%和35.59%;T3总水分经济利用效率和总水分生物利用效率较T1分别增加72.34%和93.83%。Taking the double cropping late rice as material,flooded irrigation（T1）,intermittent irrigation（T2）and precision irrigation（T3）were used to study the population formation,temperature and light utilization,yield and water use efficiency of double cropping late under different irrigation patterns.The results showed that T3 and T2 were more optimized than those of T1 in paddy field,and the temperature and light condition in the field were better.The uptake and transformation rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was faster,dry matter production and fertilizer and water use efficiency were higher.Specific performance was the highest tiller number of T1 increased by 7.28%and 8.86%compared with T1 and T2,and the percentage of T3 increased by 20.47% and 3.98% compared with T1 and T2;In jointing and heading stage,the transmittance of T3 increased by 41.39% and 32.79%compared with T1;The transmittance of T3 increased by 11.17% and 12.50% compared with T2 respectively.The field temperatures of T3 increased by 1.32 ℃ and 0.38 ℃ at the jointing stage than that of T1 and T2,.The field temperature of T3 increased by 1.33 ℃ and 0.16 ℃at heading stage than that of T1 and T2;Compared with T3 and T1 before heading and heading,the accumulation rate of dry matter increased by 14.58% and 15.13%,nitrogen accumulation rate increased by 8.17% and173.95%,phosphorus accumulation rate increased by 3.70% and 35.59%,the economic utilization efficiency of total water increased by 72.34%,and the total water use efficiency was increased by93.83%.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 晚稻 农田生态 水肥利用 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]