雅浦海沟深海沉积物可培养真菌多样性及其反硝化能力研究  

Diversity and denitrification capability of cultivable fungi from deep-sea sediments of Yap Trench

作　　者：何高阳 徐炜[1] 郭双双 刘文华 骆祝华[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所国家海洋局海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室,福建厦门361005 [2]汕头大学理学院,广东汕头515063 [3]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2018年第2期229-240,共12页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2016039);国家"973"项目重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2015CB755903);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41606145;41776170)

摘　　要：自雅浦海沟4个站位的12个沉积物样品中分离得到38株真菌菌株,基于形态观察和ITS序列信息对所得菌株进行分类鉴定,发现它们分别属于青霉属(Penicillium,17株)、曲霉属(Aspergillus,7株)、篮状菌属(Talaromyces,1株)、枝孢属(Cladosporium,6株)、赭霉属(Ochroconis,1株)、Meyerozyma属(1株)、梅拉菌属(Meira,1株)、Cystobasidium属(2株)、Wallemia属(1株)和红酵母属(Rhodotorula,1株)等10个属.其中青霉属、曲霉属和枝孢属菌株为优势菌株,分别占分离菌株总数的44.7%、18.4%和15.8%;而Wallemia属(节担菌纲)菌株是首次从深海环境中分离到.利用PCR技术在分离的深海真菌菌株中检测nir K和P450nor两种反硝化关键酶基因,结果显示nir K基因可在黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)、枝孢菌(Cladosporium sp.)、枝状枝孢(Cladosporium cladosporioides)和产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)等6种真菌菌株中检测到,而P450nor基因仅在黄曲霉菌株中检测到.同时还通过富集培养方法从上述沉积物样品中分离获得两株反硝化枝孢菌.结果表明,雅浦海沟深海沉积物环境中存在着丰富的真菌资源,它们在深海环境氮循环中起着一定作用,这将增强人们对深海环境可培养真菌多样性及其生态作用的认识.In this study,fungal diversity of 12 deep-sea sediment samples from 4 sampling sites at Yap Trench were investigated based on culture-dependent method. A total of 38 fungal strains were isolated and the taxonomic identification was performed based on morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis. The results showed that all strains were affiliated with 10 genera,including Penicillium（17 strains）,Aspergillus（7 strains）,Talaromyces（1 stain）,Cladosporium（6 strains）,Ochroconis（1 strain）,Meyerozyma（1 strain）,Meira（1 strain）,Cystobasidium（2 strains）,Wallemia（1 strain） and Rhodotorula（1 strain）. The dominant genera were Penicillium,Aspergillus and Cladosporium,whose members accounted for 44. 7%,18. 4% and 15. 8% of all strains isolated. Furthermore,the nir K gene was detected in 18 strains belonging to 6 fungal species including Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus versicolor,Cladosporium sp.,Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium chrysogenum while the P450 nor gene was only detected in Penicillium chrysogenum. Meanwhile,2 denitrifying fungal strains were isolated based on enrichment method,both belonging to the genus Cladosporium. Results of this research indicated that there were abundant fungal resources in deep-sea environments and they might play an important role in the deepsea nitrogen cycle,which should enhance the understanding of fungal diversity and their ecological roles in deepsea environments.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 深海沉积物 可培养真菌 多样性 反硝化作用 雅浦海沟 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]