机直播水稻“播喷同步”机械除草技术在湖南早稻生产中的应用  

Application of Mechanical Weeding Technology of Direct Seeding Rice with “Seeding and Spraying Synchronization” In Early Rice Production in Hunan

作　　者：张建萍 马国兰[2] 周治中 唐伟 于晓玥 陆永良 ZHANG Jian-ping;MA Guo-lan;ZHOU Zhi-zhong;TANG Wei;YU Xiao-yue;LU Yong-liang(State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, PRC;Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Science, Changsha 410125, PRC;Station of Comprehensive Agricultural Service in Zhulin Town, Jintan district, Changzhou 213000, PRC)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所水稻生物学国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310006 [2]湖南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,湖南长沙410125 [3]江苏省常州市金坛区竹林镇农业综合服务站,江苏常州213000

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2018年第4期56-59,共4页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201305-4);科技部重点研发专项(2016YFD0200801);国家水稻产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-01);中国农业科学院科技创新工程病虫草害防控技术创新团队项目

摘　　要：为解决机直播水稻"播喷同步"机械化除草新技术在湖南稻区应用的实际问题,在湖南大通湖地区进行了不同除草剂对水稻出苗率和杂草防治效果的研究。结果表明:机械施药25 d后300 g/L丙草胺450 g a.i./hm2+苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i./hm2和噁草酮360 g a.i./hm2+苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i./hm2处理水稻成苗率最高,分别为87.6%和82.3%,五氟磺草胺30 g a.i./hm2+苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i./hm2和30%丙草胺585 g a.i./hm2+苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i./hm2处理水稻成苗率约为79%,对水稻出苗安全。完全能够满足生产上对水稻苗数的要求。播种前用种衣剂处理8 h提高种子出苗率2.1%~23.8%,因此播种前采用种衣剂处理种子可以作为"播喷同步"机械除草有效的配套应用技术。噁草酮360 g a.i./hm2+苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i./hm2和300 g/L丙草胺450 g a.i./hm2+苄嘧磺隆30 g a.i./hm2处理25 d后,对稗草、千金子、节节菜和莎草防效均在90%以上,达到优良水平,表明这两种除草剂组合可以采用机直播水稻"播喷同步"机械除草技术在湖南双季早稻生产中推广使用。In order to solve the practical problem of the application of ＂seeding and spraying synchronization＂ mechanized weeding technology in Hunan rice area, the effect of different herbicides on the rate of rice emergence and control of weeds in the Datong Lake area of Hunan was studied. The results showed that after mechanical herbicide application 25 days, 450 g a.i./hm^2 pretilachlor（300 g/L） mixed with 30 g a.i./hm^2 bensulfuron methyl and 360 g a.i./hm^2 oxadiazon mixed with 30 g a.i./hm^2 bensulfuron methyl were the highest rate of seedling treatment, respectively 87.6% and 82.3%. It was about 79% after treatment of 585 g a.i./hm^2 pretilachlor（30%） mixed with 30 g a.i./hm^2 bensulfuron methyl and 30 g a.i./hm^2 penoxsulam mixed with 30 g a.i./hm^2 bensulfuron methyl, which could completely meet the requirement for rice seedling number in rice production. Before seeding, seed coating agent was treated for 8 hours to increase the seed emergence rate of 2.1%-23.8%, so seed coating agent before seeding could be used as a supporting application technology for ＂seeding and spraying synchronous＂ mechanical weeding. After the application of 360 g a.i./hm^2 oxadiazon mixed with 30 g a.i./hm^2 bensulfuron methyl and 450 g a.i./hm^2 pretilachlor（300 g/L）mixed with 30 g a.i./hm^2 bensulfuron methyl 25 days, the weed control efficiency of Echinochloa crus-galli, Leptochloa chinensis, Rotala indica and Cyperus difformis were up to 90%, it showed the technology of direct seeding and spraying synchronous mechanical weeding can be popularized in the production of double cropping early rice in Hunan.

关 键 词：水稻机械化生产 除草剂 出苗率 杂草防效 湖南 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]