钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征  

Characteristics of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Mechanically-transplanted Pot-tray-nursed Rice Seedlings

作　　者：胡雅杰 吴培 朱明 邢志鹏 戴其根 霍中洋 许轲 魏海燕 郭保卫 张洪程 HU Yajie;WU Pei;ZHU Ming;XING Zhipeng;DAI Qigen;HUO Zhongyang;XU Ke;WEI Haiyan;GUO Baowei;ZHANG Hongcheng？(Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/The Nurturing center of Jiangsu for National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, 22500)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学农业农村部长江流域稻作技术创新中心/江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2018年第3期257-264,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0300503,2017YFD0301205);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31701350);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX[15]1002);江苏省重点研发计划资助项目(BE2016344)

摘　　要：【目的】旨在阐明钵苗机插水稻氮素吸收与利用特征。【方法】于2013-2014年在扬州大学兴化试验基地选用大穗型品种甬优2640和甬优8号,中穗型品种武运粳24号和宁粳3号,小穗型品种淮稻5号和淮稻10号为试验材料,以毯苗机插为对照,研究钵苗机插水稻氮素积累、转运与利用特性。【结果】不同穗型品种的钵苗机插较毯苗机插在水稻分蘖中期、拔节期、抽穗期和成熟期植株含氮率和吸氮量较高。在移栽至分蘖中期、拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期阶段,不同穗型品种钵苗机插氮素积累量和氮素吸收速率较毯苗机插高。与毯苗机插相比,不同穗型品种的钵苗机插水稻叶片的氮素输出量、氮素表观转运率和氮素转运贡献率显著提高,而茎鞘的氮素表观转运率和氮素转运贡献率较低。对氮素利用率而言,不同穗型品种的钵苗机插较毯苗机插氮肥偏生产力显著提高,氮素收获指数增加,其中大穗型品种差异显著。【结论】钵苗机插较毯苗机插生育中、后期氮素吸收能力强,后期叶片氮素转运量大、贡献率高,植株总氮素积累量和氮肥利用率显著提高。【Objective】The objective is to illuminate the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization of Mechanically-transplanted pot-tray-nursed rice seedlings. 【Method】The experiment was conducted in Xinghua test site of Yangzhou University in 2013 and 2014. Three type rice cultivars including large panicle type （LPT, Yongyou 2640 and Yongyou 8）, medium panicle type （MPT, Wuyunjing 24 and Ningjing 3） and small panicle type （SPT, Huaidao 5 and Huaidao 10） were field-grown. With mechanically-transplanted carpet-tray-nursed rice seedlings （CS） as control, the nitrogen accumulation, translocation and utilization of nitrogen in pot seedlings mechanically transplanted rice （PS） were measured. 【Result】Compared to those of CS, nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake of PS at the mid-tillering, jointing, heading and maturity were higher. Nitrogen accumulation in a given stage and nitrogen uptake rate of PS during transplanting to the mid-tillering and jointing to heading and heading to maturity were greater than those of CS. Compared to CS, PS led to significantly higher nitrogen output, apparent nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen translocation conversion rate in leaf, and lower apparent nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen translocation conversion rate in stem and sheath for all rice cultivars. Partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen of PS was significantly greater for all rice cultivars than those of CS. Furthermore, PS gave rise to higher nitrogen harvest index than CS with significant difference in LPT.【Conclusion】Hence, compared to CS, PS was beneficial to nitrogen absorption during the middle and late growth periods, and higher nitrogen output and nitrogen translocation conversion rate in leaf. The total nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen use efficiency under PS increased significantly as compared with those of CS.

关 键 词：钵苗机插水稻 穗型 氮素吸收 氮素转运 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S511.043[农业科学—农业基础科学]