国家与社会关系演变视域中社会组织发展对政治稳定的影响探析  

An Analysis of the Impact of the Development of Social Organizations on Political Stability in the Perspective of Relationship-Evolution between State and Society

作　　者：潘修华[1,2] PAN Xiu-hua

机构地区：[1]南通大学管理学院 [2]南通大学江苏先进典型研究中心

出　　处：《理论与改革》2018年第3期92-100,共9页Theory and Reform

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2012年资助项目"社会组织与政治稳定维护研究"(项目编号:12CZZ021)

摘　　要：中国共产党建政之后,新生政权通过对社团的登记、整顿行动,实现了对社会组织的体制化吸纳,建构了一体化的国家与社会关系,为维护自身的安全发挥了重要作用。"文革"结束后,市场化改革以及与之相适应的社会管理改革在国家和社会之间拉开了一定的距离,国家固然在其与社会的关系中仍占据主导地位,但是社会已在市场经济的作用下获得了一定的独立性与自主性,社会组织出现了逸出体制的态势。出于管控风险、维护政治稳定的考量,国家通过立法规制,再次对社会组织进行了体制化。但是这种严厉的政治性体制化进程遭到了市场逻辑的挑战。在市场经济的作用下,社会开始分化,社会利益诉求趋于多样化。社会需要发展更多的社会组织提供公共产品与传递诉求信号。出于对发展经济与维护政治稳定的双重考虑,国家选择性地发展了与经济建设以及公共产品供给密切相关的社会组织。但是这种选择性的发展战略造成了一种畸形的社会利益诉求表达结构,对政治稳定形成了新的威胁。面对这种新情况,须在法治的条件下,调适国家与社会关系,推动为弱势群体代言的社会组织的发展,以消解社会利益表达结构失衡带来的政治风险,更好地维护政治稳定。Since the founding of New China, the State has institutionalized the social organizations, and constructed an integrated relationship between the State and Society, which played an important role in safeguarding the security of the State. After the Cultural Revolution, the market-oriented reform and the corresponding social management reform gained society certain independence and autonomy, with which the social organizations are fostered and developed in some degree. In the period, in order to maintain political stability and prevent risk, the State has institutionalized the social organizations through the legislative regulation. With the later political, economic and social development, the institutionalization of social organization could not satisfy the actual development of the Society, which represents the diversified demands and interests. Under the circumstance, more social organizations are needed to be established and developed to provide public products and transmit appeal signals. From the dual consideration of developing economy and maintaining political stability, the State has provided the initiatives to develop the social organization closely related to economic construction and public product supply, which has resulted in an unbalanced expression structure of social interest claims and posed a new challenge to political stability. Based on this new situation, the article proposed that under the conditions of the rule of law, it is necessary to adjust the relationship between the State and Society, promote the development of social organizations that speak for vulnerable groups, eliminate the political risks brought about by imbalances in the expression of social interests, and better safeguard political stability.

关 键 词：社会组织 政治稳定 政治风险 政治结构 国家治理 

分 类 号：D52[政治法律—政治学]