四川油菜NPK吸收利用规律及肥料利用率研究  

Absorption and Utilization of NPK and Fertilizer Use Efficiency of Rape in Sichuan

作　　者：余垚颖[1] 莫太相 刘金丹[3] 郭应菊[1] 杨雪[1] 陈代容 王明富[1] Yu Yaoying;Mo Taixiang;Liu Jindan;Guo Yingju;Yang Xue;Chen Dairong;Wang Mingfu(Plant Protection Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066;Agricultural Bureau of Zhongjiang County, Deyang Sichuan 618000;Sichuan Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chengdu 610041)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都610066 [2]四川省中江县农业局,四川德阳618000 [3]四川省农业技术推广总站,成都610041

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第10期35-42,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：四川省科技支撑"速效与缓释功能为一体的新型肥料研制及其应用"(2014NZ0097)

摘　　要：为了解四川地区油菜对NPK吸收规律及常规施肥条件下的肥料利用率,在四川德阳和中江设常规施肥(C1)和不施肥(CK)的大田试验,研究其油菜整个生育期内不同时间段对NPK的需求和当地常规施肥条件下肥料利用率、养分收获指数情况。结果表明:油菜移栽后120~200天对养分需求量大,但此时C1土壤中有效N、P、K含量已基本接近CK处理,肥料养分在120天前已基本释放完,仅依靠土壤中的养分给予油菜后期生长,影响油菜产量与品质;中江和德阳试验点油菜的肥料贡献率平均值分别为39.45%和25.86%,同时C1虽促进了光合产物向籽粒转移,与CK相比提高水平未达到显著水平。四川地区目前油菜种植的施肥方式或施肥种类有待进一步改进。To understand the NPK absorption rule of rape in Sichuan and the fertilizer utilization efficiency under conventional fertilization, a field experiment was conducted with conventional fertilization （C 1） and non- fertilization （CK） to study the regularity of NPK requirement in different growth periods and fertilizer utilization ratio and nutrient harvest index under local conventional fertilization in Zhongjiang and Deyang. The results showed that 120-200 days after rape transplanting was a period of big demand for nutrients, but at this point, the available N, P and K contents in soil of C 1 were closed to that of CK, the nutrients of fertilizer were basically released before 120 days, the growth of rape relied only on nutrients in soil, which affected the yield and quality. The average contribution rate of fertilizer to rape in Zhongjiang and Deyang was 39.45% and 25.86%, respectively, C 1 treatment promoted photosynthate transfer to grain, but did not reach the significant level compared with CK treatment. Therefore, the way of fertilization or the selection of fertilizer type for rape planting in Sichuan needs to be further improved.

关 键 词：油菜 需肥特性 肥料利用率 养分运转 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]