不同类型砧木对‘夏黑’葡萄植株^(15)N吸收、分配和利用的影响  

Effects of different rootstock-scion combinations on the uptake, distribution and utilization of ^(15)N in ‘Summer Black' grape

作　　者：曹耀鹏 柳桂香[1] 肖秋红 贾名波 邵小杰[2] CAO Yaopeng1,2, LIU Guixiang1, XIAO Qiuhong2, JIA Mmgbo2, SHAO Xiaojie2(1. Yantai Pula Valley Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Shandong 264003; 2. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural Universit)

机构地区：[1]烟台瀑拉谷农业开发有限公司,山东264003 [2]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院

出　　处：《中国果树》2018年第3期13-18,共6页China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29)资助

摘　　要：以3年生夏黑/3309M和夏黑/140Ru植株为试材,采用^(15)N示踪法研究不同类型砧木对‘夏黑’葡萄氮素的吸收、利用、分配规律。结果表明:施肥40 d后即幼果期,2个砧穗组合均以叶片和当年生枝的Ndff值最高,叶片中分别达到0.569%和0.419%,当年生枝分别为0.566%和0.293%;夏黑/3309M在叶片、当年生枝、根系等新生器官中的Ndff值显著高于夏黑/140Ru,对氮素利用和分配率也呈现相似的趋势。至果实转色期,2个砧穗组合都以果实中的Ndff值最高,分别达到0.880%和0.793%,其次为叶片和当年生枝,2个砧穗组合只在叶片和当年生枝中表现出显著性差异,其他器官差异不显著,但均以夏黑/3309M水平较高。随着物候期的推移,2个砧穗组合各器官对氮素的吸收利用率都在升高,但夏黑/140Ru的提升速率更为明显。至果实成熟期,2个砧穗组合仍以果实中的Ndff值最高,但在各器官中的Ndff值达到相近水平,全株果实成熟期氮素利用率差异也不显著,夏黑/140Ru和夏黑/3309M分别为15.406%和14.555%。综合比较,夏黑/3309M在春季施肥后,对氮肥的吸收响应较为迅速,而夏黑/140Ru较为滞后,果实生长发育阶段‘140Ru’向果实的氮素供应能力较强。在‘夏黑’葡萄生产上,‘140Ru’的氮素吸收利用特点更利于控制营养生长和生殖生长的平衡,适合作为嫁接砧木。‘Summer Black＇ grape grafted on rootstocks ‘140 Ru＇ and ‘3309 M＇ treated with ^15N-urea were used to study the absorption, distribution and utilization characteristics of nitrogen. The results showed that the Nitrogen derive from fertilizer（Ndff） of leaf and annual shoot were the highest in annual shoot swift growth stage 40 days later after fertilizing, which were 0.596% and 0.419% in leaf, 0.566% and 0.293% in annual shoot of X/3309 M and X/140 Ru, respectively. The Ndff of X/3309 M in leaf, annual shoot and roots were significantly higher than X/140 Ru, and the trend were similar in utilization and distribution. In veraison stage, the Ndff was highest in the fruit of both rootstock-scion combinations, which reached 0.880% in X/3309 M and 0.793% in X/140 Ru, respectively; the second highest level of Ndff was in leaf and annual shoot, which showed higher level in X/3309 M, while in other organs where were not significant differneces. As the phenological phase went on, the nitrogen uptake and utilization increased in both treatment with a faster rate in X/140 Ru. In fruit-maturity stage, the Ndff in the fruit of both treatments was still the highest, but its level in all the organs were similar, the -（15）N utilization in total tree was not significant as well, which were 15.406% in X/140 Ru and 14.555% in X/3309 M, respectively. In conclusion, after spring fertilization, the response of X/3309 M to nitrogen uptake was relatively fast, while X/140 Ru lagged behind, and the supplying ability of nitrogen to fruit was stronger in ‘140 Ru＇. In the production of ‘Summer Black＇ grape, the nitrogen absorption and utilization characteristics of ‘140 Ru＇ are more favorable for controlling the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, which is suitable as the grafted rootstock.

关 键 词：葡萄 '夏黑’ 砧木类型 氮示踪 氮利用 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]