健康大学生一次X线胸透所致遗传损伤及修复效应的动态观察  

Dynamic observation of the DNA damage and repair effect in healthy undergraduates examined by chest X-ray

作　　者：刘学星[1] 邓娜[1] 张雪[1] 马小菊[1] 彭靖 郭虹雨 邓棋霏[1] 肖勇梅[1] LIU Xue-xing;DENG Na;ZHANG Xue;MA Xiao-ju;PENG Jing;GUO Hong-yu;DENG Qi-fei;XIAO Yong-mei(School of Public health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学公共卫生学院,广东广州510080

出　　处：《热带医学杂志》2018年第4期453-457,462,共6页Journal of Tropical Medicine

基　　金：中山大学医学生实验室开放基金(2015年-项目编号7)

摘　　要：目的探索一次X线体检胸透对健康成年人的遗传损伤效应及持续时间,为进一步评估医用X射线检查的健康风险提供线索。方法采用定组研究方法招募16名在校大学生,检测X线前后氧化应激水平及γ-H2AX表达变化,采用胞质阻滞微核试验、全血彗星实验法,观察胸透前1 h、胸透后1 h、15 d、2个月、7个月志愿者外周血细胞的遗传损伤及修复情况。结果 16名志愿者接受胸透的平均有效剂量为(1.55±0.53)mSv(0.99~3.16 m Sv),胸透前后血清中氧化应激指标总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GSH)含量均有明显升高(P<0.05);与胸透前相比,γ-H2AX的表达在胸透后1 h迅速上调(P<0.05);胸透后1 h及2个月后微核率及三个彗星参数(TI,TM,OTM)显著升高(P<0.05)。广义估计方程回归在校正年龄、性别因素后提示随着体表入射剂量的升高,微核率及OTM值有显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平均有效剂量每升高一个单位,彗星指标OTM升高0.333个单位,微核率升高1.094个单位(P<0.05)。结论一次X线胸透即可引起健康人氧化应激水平升高,造成遗传损伤,且所致的DNA损伤修复时间可能需大于两个月,结论仍需进一步验证。Objective This study aimed to explore the genetic damage and its duration of peripheral blood cells of healthy adults exposed to chest X-ray and provide clues for further assessing the health risks of medical X-ray examination.Methods A total of 16 undergraduates were enrolled in this study. Serum oxidative stress levelsand the expression level of γ-H2AX were detected before and immediately after they performed chest fluoroscopy. Cytokinesis block micronuclei test and whole blood comet assay were used to detect the genetic damage and repair of peripheral blood cells before and immediately after 1 hour,and 24 hours,15 days,2 months and 7 months. Results The average effective dose of 16 volunteers was（1.55±0.53）m Sv（0.99~3.16 m Sv）,and the levels of oxidative stress indicators total superoxide dismutase（T-SOD）and glutathione reductase（GSH）in serum were significantly increased（P〈0.05）. The expression of γ-H2AX showed a rapidly increase 1 hour after chest fluoroscopy（P〈0.05）,but there was no significant difference 15 days after chest fluoroscopy（P〈0.05）. Micronucleus rate and the three comet parameters（TI,TM,OTM）increased significantly 1 hour and 2 months after chest fluoroscopy（P〈0.05）compared with that before chest fluoroscopy（P〈0.05）. Even after adjusting for age and gender,the micronucleus rate and OTM value increased significantly with the increment of body effective dose by using generalized estimating equation（P〈0.05）. For each unit of the body effective dose,the OTM gained0.333 units,and the micronucleus rate gained 1.094 units（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Taking a chest fluoroscopy can induce oxidative stress and genetic damage in healthy adults,and the repair time of DNA strand breaks caused by X-ray might be longer than two months,though further study is needed.

关 键 词：X射线 遗传损伤 氧化应激指标 健康大学生 

分 类 号：Q345[生物学—遗传学]