纳米膨润土包膜氮肥对晚稻产量与氮素利用率的影响  

Effect of Nano-bentonite Coated Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Late Rice

作　　者：李旭霞 宋海星 廖琼 沈涛 Li Xuxia;Song Haixing;Liao Qiong;Shen Tao(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences of Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Farmland Pollution Control and Agricultural Resources Use, National Engineering Laboratory of Soil and Fertilizer Resources E~wient Utilization, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition in Common University, Changsha 410128)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2018年第11期81-85,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：采用大田试验,研究了不同比例纳米膨润土包膜氮肥及不同施氮水平对晚稻生长、产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明:施用纳米膨润土包膜氮肥处理的产量、千粒重、穗粒数等均显著高于空白处理(CK),其中施用氮肥处理比CK处理的产量高出21.53%~28.01%(P<0.05),不同施氮水平下施用纳米膨润土包膜氮肥对晚稻产量差异有影响,10%纳米膨润土包膜氮肥在不减氮、减氮20%及减氮30%时,产量分别为7178.54、7220.28、7236.95 kg/hm^2,与常规氮肥处理(7095.21 kg/hm^2)相比,增加了1.17%、1.76%和1.99%,差异均不显著(P>0.05),15%纳米膨润土包膜氮肥不减氮时产量为7270.30 kg/hm^2,增加2.47%(P>0.05),减氮20%~30%时减产0.12%~3.17%(P>0.05);施用纳米膨润土包膜氮肥的处理,结实率均低于常规氮肥处理,差异不显著(P>0.05);纳米膨润土包膜氮肥在减氮条件下,SPAD值无显著差异(P>0.05)。成熟期籽粒中氮素累积量,施氮肥处理极显著高于不施肥处理,且以15%纳米膨润土包膜氮肥减氮20%时氮素积累量最高(68.92 kg N/hm^2);纳米膨润土包膜氮肥的氮肥利用率(49.3%~67.1%)高于常规氮肥处理(46.5%)2.8%~20.6%,氮肥利用率均有所增加,综合产量、结实率和氮肥利用率等考虑,10%纳米膨润土减氮20%的效果更佳。A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different proportions of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer and N application levels on growth, yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency （NUE） of late rice. The results showed that the yield, 1000 grain weight and grain number per spike of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment were significantly higher than those of CK. Compared with CK, the yield of N application treatment increased by 21.53% to 28.01% （P〈0.05）. The effect of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer on late rice yield was different under different N application levels, the yield was 7178.54, 7220.28 and 7236.95 kg/hm^2 under 10% nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer application with 0%, 20% and 30% N reduction, respectively, which increased by 1.17%, 1.76% and 1.99% compared with that under conventional N treatment （7095.21 kg/hm^2）, and the difference was not obvious （P〉0.05）. By adding 15% nano- bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer, the rice yield increased by 2.47% with 0% N reduction and decreased by 0.12%-3.17% with 20%-30% N reduction （P〉0.05）. Compared with the conventional N treatment, the seed setting rate of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment was lower, and the difference was not obvious （P〉0.05）; under N reduction, SPAD value of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment had no significant difference. The nitrogen accumulation amount in grains at mature period was significantly higher than that without N fertilizer treatment, and 15% nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer treatment with 20% N reduction enabled the highest N accumulation （68.92 kg N/hm^2）; the nitrogen use efficiency of nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer （49.3%-67.1%） was 2.8%-20.6% higher than that of conventional nitrogen fertilizer treatment （46.5%）. The results suggest that adding 10% nano-bentonite coated nitrogen fertilizer with 20% N reduction had the best effect on rice yield, setting rate and NUE.

关 键 词：纳米膨润土 施氮水平 产量 氮素利用率 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]