私人安保公司:东南亚海上安全治理的新主体  

Private Security Companies: New Actors in Maritime Security Governance in Southeast Asia

作　　者：刘艳峰 邢瑞利 

机构地区：[1]南京大学中国南海研究协同创新中心 [2]中共南通市委党校

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2018年第3期138-155,160,共18页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：国家开发银行"海上丝绸之路战略性项目实施策略研究";国家社科基金2014年重点项目"推进21世纪海上丝绸之路建设研究";2014年度国家社科基金重大项目"总体国家安全观下的中国东南周边地区安全机制构建研究"(项目批准号:14ZDA087)阶段性成果

摘　　要：近年来,东南亚海上私人安保公司悄然兴起。其参与东南亚海上安全治理是海上安全环境的变化、海上安全供给与需求的鸿沟、东南亚民主化进程及安全部门改革所共同驱动的结果。海峡和港口是私人安保公司重点参与的治理区域,在马六甲海峡,尽管私人安保公司挑战了国家主权,但其能有效应对海上安全威胁,在短期内已得到国家"默许";而印尼勿拉湾港口是一种多主体参与治理的安全系统,私人安保公司与其他行为体竞争,反而导致港口不安全。相比较而言,私人安保公司在海峡和港口安全治理中具有隐秘性强、与国家关系复杂、规制难及趋利性等共性;而不同的参与模式与作用则反映了二者的差异性。当前,中国要进一步挖掘海上私人安保的潜力,并做好相应的规制;要重视利用私人安保公司在海峡和港口安全治理中的共性与差异,鼓励中国与东南亚私人安保公司发展战略合作,保护中国海外利益。In recent years, maritime private security companies in Southeast Asia have been growing rapidly. Their involvement in maritime security governance in Southeast Asia should be attributed to the combined effects generated by the changing maritime security environment, the gap between maritime security supply and demand, the Southeast Asian democratization process and the reforms in the security sector. The straits and ports are the key governance areas focused on by private security companies. Through two case studies(the Malacca Strait and Indonesia's Belawan Port), it can be seen that in the Malacca Strait, although private security companies have posed threats to national sovereignty, they have been fully capable of dealing with maritime security threats and thus been currently given "acquiescence" by relevant governments. However, in Belawan Port, multiple subjects actively participate in security governance. With private security companies attempting to compete with other actors, insecurity has been generated in the port area. Comparatively speaking, private security companies involved in security governance of the Southeast Asian straits and ports bear such common characteristics as secrecy, complex relations with governments, regulatory difficulties and a strong tendency to pursue profits. Currently, it is imperative that China further tap the potentials of maritime private security companies being subjected to rules and regulations and meanwhile pay attention to the common and different practices of private security companies in the Malacca Strait and Belawan Port. In addition, strategic cooperation with Southeast Asian private security companies should be encouraged by the Chinese government so as to further protect China's overseas interests.

关 键 词：安全私人化 东南亚海上安全治理 私人安保公司 马六甲海峡 勿拉湾港口 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]