综合性语典收条立目问题刍议  

On Entry Collection and Establishment in Comprehensive Language Dictionaries

作　　者：陈玉庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]商务印书馆,北京100710

出　　处：《辞书研究》2018年第3期19-28,53,共11页Lexicographical Studies

摘　　要：文章以《语海》和《新华语典》为例,分析综合性语典在收条立目方面存在的问题。认为在收录对象上,应严格区分"语"和"词""自由词组";在收录成语、惯用语、歇后语、谚语的基础上,收录部分格言、名言是可取的,但应处理好收录原则和类别划分的问题;应更多关注新语汇。在立目方面,应通过语料分析确定条目的取舍,以语言中原有形式立目,不凭空创造,也要避免顾此失彼;对于结构、形式或语义相同、相近的条目,应注意辨别它们之间的关系;条目变体立为副条,需要有科学、规范、明确的立目标准,语境变体和临时仿造的"语"不宜立目。在条目编排组织上应关注语目之间的联系,体现"语"的关联性和系统性。Based on Yu Hai and Xinhua Dictionary,this article analyzes problems in entry collection and establishment in comprehensive language dictionaries. It argues that in entry collection,effort should be made to strictly distinguish between words,phrases,and free word combinations. Some maxims and well-known sayings could be collected as well, but the collection principles and type classification should be handled appropriately. In addition,more attention should be given to the inclusion of new words. Regarding entry establishment,language materials should be used to determine whether an entry should or should not be included in the dictionary,the original language form should be used in entry establishment,instead of invented language forms,effort should be made to discriminate entries identical or similar in structure,form,or meaning,the entry's variants should be handled as subentries based on scientific,standardized and clear-cut entry establishment standards,and contextual variants and make-shift imitations should not be treated as independent entries. In entry arrangement,attention should be paid to the relationship between entries,whose arrangement should be linguistically relevant and systematic.

关 键 词：语典 立目 语料 变体 关联性 系统性 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]