关于季节放牧地月适宜载畜量计算方法的探讨——以青海省荷日恒村为例  

A method for calculating the suitable monthly carrying capacity of seasonal pasture——Taking Heriheng Village,Henan County,Qinghai Province as example

作　　者：张雅娴[1,2] 樊江文 张海燕[1,2] 王穗子[1,2] Zhang Ya-xian;Fan Jiang-wen;Zhang Hai-yan;Wang Sui-zi(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《草业科学》2018年第5期1308-1314,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：三江源智慧生态畜牧业平台建设项目--草地产草量估算与游牧方案设计(2015-SF-A4-1);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)项目--生态承载力与生态安全(FDKFJ-STS-ZDTP-013-02)

摘　　要：草地月适宜载畜量的计算,能够有效反映草地季节性草畜矛盾,帮助决策者及时调整放牧策略。本研究提出一种将基于遥感和地面调查建立的月牧草产量遥感经验模型与牧草产量月动态系数相结合的方法,用于估算月草地适宜载畜量,并在青海省河南县荷日恒村的季节牧场对该方法进行应用。结果表明,该方法能有效地反映各月适宜载畜量动态,使年内放牧地载畜平衡状况更明晰。荷日恒村放牧地在7月末草地产量达到最高,8月开始逐渐减少,除7月外,其他各月均有不同程度的超载。综合目前荷日恒村放牧地现实载畜情况和对补饲量的评估,本研究认为应以8月末适宜载畜量作为该村合理放牧量。本研究提出的月适宜载畜量计算方法,更有助于合理放牧数量的确定和草畜平衡状况的评估,为当地合理利用草地资源及可持续发展提供理论依据。Calculation of the most appropriate monthly livestock carrying capacity can help with monitoring the seasonal conflict between grass supply and livestock and enable grassland managers to adjust grazing strategies in a timely fashion.As a contribution to effective grassland management,the paper provides a calculation method in which an empirical model based on remote sensing and ground investigation data is combined with monthly dynamic coefficients of grassland yield.This approach was applied to seasonal pasture at Heriheng Village,Henan County,Qinghai Province.The results show that this method can effectively reflect the dynamic changes in proper carrying capacity and identify the appropriate balance between grassland and livestock during the year.In our study region,grassland yield is highest in July and then begins declining gradually.Apart from July,overloading at different levels occurs in all the other months.Based on the current grazing level and the analysis of forage supply,it is proposed that the stocking level in late August should be taken as the most reasonable grazing level.The method of calculating the most suitable monthly livestock carrying capacity,proposed by this paper,can help determine appropriate grazing levels,estimate the ideal balance between grassland and livestock,and provide a theoretical reference for rational utilization and sustainable development of grassland resources.

关 键 词：草地可利用率 草地管理 产草量 遥感经验模型 月动态系数 理论载畜量 载畜平衡 

分 类 号：S812.8[农业科学—草业科学]