南方河网地区鱼塘与河涌底泥重金属污染现状调查与评价  

Investigation and assessment of heavy metal pollution in pond and river sedimentsin of the southern river network

作　　者：严桦 徐颂军[1] 刘晓伟[2,3,4] 丘锦荣 卢文洲[2,3,4] YAN Hua;XU Song-jun;LIU Xiao-wei;QIU Jin-rong;LU Wen-zhou(School of Geographical Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510655, China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Guangzhou 510655, China;The key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510655, China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学地理科学学院,广东广州510631 [2]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [3]国家环境保护水环境模拟与污染控制重点实验室,广州510655 [4]广东省水与大气污染防治重点实验室,广州510655

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2018年第3期134-141,共8页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：佛山市"十二五"畜禽养殖业减排途径分析和污染控制对策研究项目(FSHL2012105D);广东省畜禽养殖污染防治管理政策研究项目(GPCGD171115FD131F-包组3)

摘　　要：随着畜禽养殖业规模化发展,畜禽养殖废弃物排放大量增加给周边环境带来严重的污染问题。通过对南方河网地区典型养殖场周边鱼塘和河涌的底泥采样调查发现,河涌底泥含有较高的有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP),且OM、TN、TP含量为鱼塘底泥的2～10倍。进一步分析发现,鱼塘和河涌底泥中As平均含量分别为70.06和73.21 mg/kg;Cr在底泥中呈现的垂直分布规律为0～10 cm>11～20 cm>21～30 cm>31～40 cm,河涌底泥Cr平均含量(133.66 mg/kg)是鱼塘底泥(54.36 mg/kg)的2.5倍。此外,河涌底泥中重金属的单项污染指数Pi和综合污染指数Pm均高于鱼塘底泥,其中单项污染指数最高的是As,多为重污染,其次是Cr,Cu、Pb、Zn多为轻污染。通过不同层级底泥中重金属含量与理化性质的相关性分析可知,底泥中Cu、Pb、Zn的污染主要受有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的影响。可见,养殖场废物处置主要以鱼塘消纳为主,且鱼塘水每年外排导致周边河涌营养盐和重金属等污染问题。The scaled development of livestock and poultry put substantial increasing wastes which brings serious pollution problems in the surrounding environment. The sediments of fish ponds and rivers were conducted to examine the environmental pollution in the Southern River Network region. This study showed that the concentration of organic matter（OM）,total nitrogen（TN） and total phosphorus（TP） in the sediments of rivers were about2.0-10.0 times that of fish ponds. In addition,the average value of arsenic（As） in the sediments of fish ponds andrivers were 70.06 mg/kg and 73.21 mg/kg,respectively. Furthermore,the vertical distribution pattern of Cr in the sediments was ranked in the order ：0-10 cm 〉 11-20 cm 〉 21-30 cm 〉 31-40 cm. And the average value of Cr in river sediments（133.66 mg/kg） was 2.5 times that of fish ponds（54.36 mg/kg）. The single pollution index（Pi） and comprehensive pollution index（Pm） of heavy metals in river sediments were higher than fishponds. Furthermore,the order of Pi of fishpond and river sediments was As 〉 Cr 〉 Cu 〉 Pb 〉 Zn. Correlation analysis of heavy metal and physical-chemical properties in different layers of sediment indicated that Cu,Pb and Zn-contaminated in sediment is mainly affected by OM,TN,and Total P. Therefore,livestock waste disposal is mainly based on absorption of fish ponds which will cause pollution problems such as nutrient salt and heavy metals in surrounding rivers.

关 键 词：河涌 鱼塘 底泥 重金属 分析评价 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]