不同施肥和覆盖措施对浙贝母产量和有效成分的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization and Cover Treatments on Yield and Active Constituents of Fritillaria Thunbergii Miqi

作　　者：卢晓 毕艳孟 霍亚珍 伊素芳 焦晓林[1] 张进[1] 李俊飞 刘海涛[1] 高微微[1] LU Xiao;BI Yan-meng;HUO Ya-zhen;YI Su-fang;JIAO Xiao-lin;ZHANG Jin;LI Jun-fei;LIU Hai-tao;GAO Wei-wei(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China;Zhejiang Qing Feng Xia Traditional Chinese Medicine Co. , Ltd. , Jiangshan 324000, China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]浙江省卿枫峡中药材有限公司,浙江江山324000

出　　处：《中国现代中药》2018年第5期576-580,共5页Modern Chinese Medicine

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项(2015FY111500-044);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程经费资助(2016-I2M-1-012)

摘　　要：目的:通过设计不同施肥和畦面覆盖物组合的栽培试验,分析不同施肥和覆盖措施下土壤养分的差异及对浙贝母产量和有效成分的影响,为制定浙贝母药材的合理栽培种植技术提供参考。方法:采用有机鸡粪、生鸡粪两种肥料作为基肥,有机鸡粪或菇渣作为畦面覆盖,按照不同的"基肥+覆盖"组合对浙贝母进行栽培,统计产量,并采用HPLC方法测定贝母素甲、贝母素乙的含量。结果:有机鸡粪+有机鸡粪处理浙贝母鲜鳞茎产量最高,达15 799.5 kg·hm^(-2);有机鸡粪+菇渣处理的干鳞茎产量最高,达4 561.0 kg·hm^(-2),生鸡粪+有机鸡粪处理的有效成分含量最高,贝母素甲、贝母素乙、总含量分别为0.060%、0.034%和0.094%。结论:田间栽培浙贝母采用有机鸡粪作为基肥有利于提高鲜鳞茎产量,采用菇渣覆盖有利于提高折干率,高肥不利于有效成分的积累。综合考虑产量和质量,有机鸡粪+菇渣的组合推荐作为生产上的施肥措施。Objective： To stuoly the effects of different combinations of base manure and fertilizer cover,on soil nutrients,the yield and effective components of Fritillaria thunbergii Miqi.,and provide references for developing reasonable cultivation techniques. Methods： A field experiment was conducted. Raw chicken manure and organic chicken manure were used as base fertilizer,while organic chicken manure and mushroom residue were used as cover fertilizer,making up the different combination as ＂ base ＋ cover ＂. The HPLC was used for the determination of peimine and peiminine content.Results：The treatment of organic manure ＋ organic manure made fresh bulb yield the highest,up to 15 799. 5 kg·hm^（-2）; the treatment of organic manure ＋ mushroom residue made dry bulb yield the highest,up to 4 561 kg·hm^（-2）,the content of effective components by raw chicken manure ＋ organic chicken manure was the highest,peimine,peiminine,total content were0. 060%,0. 034% and 0. 094%. Conclusion： For F. thunbergii cultivating in the field,using organic manure as base fertilizer can improve the fresh bulb yield,and drying rate could be improving by covering mushroom residue; high fertilizer is not conducive to the accumulation of peimine,peiminine. Considering with yield and quality,using organic chicken manure as base fertilizer and mushroom residue as cover could be recommended in the field.

关 键 词：浙贝母 施肥 畦面覆盖 产量 贝母素甲、贝母素乙 

分 类 号：S567.231[农业科学—中草药栽培]