高频冲击振动对焊接残余应力的影响研究  

Study on Effects of High-frequency Impact Vibration on Welding Residual Stress

作　　者：顾邦平[1] 赖金涛 胡雄[1] 李国伟[1] 王微[1] GU Bangping;LAI Jintao;HU Xiong;LI Guowei;WANG Wei(College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 20130G,China;Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学物流工程学院,上海201306 [2]绍兴文理学院机械与电气工程学院,浙江绍兴312000

出　　处：《铁道学报》2018年第5期150-155,共6页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51605303)

摘　　要：焊接工艺广泛运用在高速列车中,然而焊接工艺在应用中会在构件表面产生较大的拉伸残余应力,直接关系到安全运营。由于焊接构件存在较大拉伸残余应力,采用高频冲击振动的方法消除构件的焊接残余应力。首先采用Nd:YAG脉冲式激光设备对AISI 1045钢进行表面处理,制备具有初始拉伸残余应力的实验试样,用以模拟实际的焊接残余应力;然后采用电磁式激振器系统对试样局部区域进行高频冲击振动处理,并采用小孔法测试高频冲击振动前后试样的表面残余应力。结果表明:高频冲击振动处理后构件x、y轴向的平均残余应力的释放量分别为145.7、136.0MPa;高频冲击振动在消除构件焊接残余应力方面具有较好的效果。高频冲击振动处理方法能够被用来消除高速列车焊接构件的残余应力,具有一定的工程应用价值。The welding process,widely used in the high-speed trains,will introduce large tensile residual stress on the surface of workpiece during its application,which strongly affects the safety of running trains.Considering the existence of large tensile residual stress in the welded workpiece,the high-frequency impact vibration method was used to eliminate the welding residual stress.The Nd：YAG pulsed-laser machine was adopted to treat the AISI 1045 steel in order to generate the initial tensile residual stress in the experimental specimens,to simulate the actual welding residual stress.To investigate the evolution of the residual stress before and after high-frequency impact vibration,the electromagnetic vibrator system was used to process the specimens.Then the hole-drilling method was adopted to evaluate the residual stress in the specimens before and after high-frequency impact vibration.The results show that the relieving values of the xand yaxial average residual stress after high frequency impact vibration treatment is respectively 145.7 MPa and 136.0 MPa.Meanwhile,the highfrequency impact vibration method has better effect on eliminating the welding residual stress.The high-frequency impact vibration method can be used to eliminate the residual stress in the welded workpiece used in the high-speed train,which has certain value in engineering application.

关 键 词：高频 冲击振动 焊接 残余应力 小孔法 

分 类 号：TG115[金属学及工艺—物理冶金] O32[金属学及工艺—金属学]