珍稀濒危植物金丝李种子的萌发特性  

Germination Characteristics of the Seed of a Rare and Endangered Plant,Garcinia paucinervis

作　　者：张俊杰[1,2] 柴胜丰[2] 韦霄[2] 吕仕洪[2] 吴少华[1] Zhang Junjie1,2, Chai Shengfeng2 Wei Xiao2, Lv Shihong2, Wu Shaohua1(1. College of Horticulture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 2. Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuangzu Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences Guilin 541006)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园艺学院,福州350002 [2]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,桂林541006

出　　处：《林业科学》2018年第4期174-185,共12页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：广西自然科学基金项目(2015GXNSFDA13915);广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD17129022)

摘　　要：【目的】揭示珍稀濒危植物金丝李种子的萌发特性和幼苗适宜生长条件,分析种子萌发过程中金丝李的致危因素,为其保护、引种驯化和高效种苗繁育提供理论支撑。【方法】从温度、光照、水分、基质、埋深和不同种群等可能影响其萌发的生态因子和种皮、种子质量等生物学特征研究其萌发特性,探讨金丝李种子萌发条件,推测其濒危机制。【结果】金丝李种子萌发缓慢且极不整齐;带内果皮和去种皮均会延缓种子的萌发,但对萌发率无影响,种皮对其萌发不存在抑制作用;25、32℃和室温条件下种子能萌发,32℃下能明显加快其萌发进程和生长速度,而18和37℃下种子均不萌发;种子在持续光照、持续黑暗、周期性光照条件下均能萌发,周期性光照下萌发速度最快、最整齐,但3种光条件下萌发率无显著差异,其为光中性种子;播种在河沙和泥炭土基质里的萌发率最高,在黏质壤土或石山土里萌发缓慢且萌发率较低,在泥炭土和蛭石基质里幼苗地上和地下部分生长均较好;40%~60%含水量的石山土较适宜萌发,80%含水量下萌发时滞较长,而20%含水量下种子不能萌发;播种在相同深度下时,以河沙为基质相比以石山土为基质,种子的发芽势和发芽率较高,且随着埋深增加,发芽势和发芽率均降低,以河沙为基质埋深0.5 cm的处理萌发速度最快、最整齐;在弄岗、安宁和胡润种群的种子中,胡润种群的萌发率最低,萌发速度最慢,弄岗种群的幼苗较细长,胡润种群幼苗较粗矮且根系较发达;<4 g、4~5 g和>5 g 3个质量级种子的萌发参数和幼苗生长量大多差异不显著,种子质量对金丝李种子萌发和幼苗生长无显著影响;已萌发的种子被摘除芽和根后再次播种,仍能萌发,其具有再生能力。【结论】金丝李种子存在休眠,萌发对温度的适应范围较窄,对基质通气透水性反应敏感,其种子的再生能力可�【Objective】 To reveal seed germination characteristics of the rare and endangered plant Garcinia paucinervis and its suitable conditions of seedling growth,the endangered factors of G. paucinervis were analyzed during seed germination,which provided theoretical support for its protection,introduction,domestication and efficient seedling propagation.【Method】 The germination conditions of G. paucinervis seeds were discussed in terms of the ecological factors that may affect their germination（ e. g. temperature, light, soil moisture, substrate, burial depth and different populations） and the biological characteristics（ e. g. seed coat and seed weight）. The germination conditions of G.paucinervis seeds were discussed and the endangered mechanism was predicted.【Result】 The germination processes of G.paucinervis seeds were slow and irregular. Both endocarp and seed coats delayed seed germination,nevertheless,they had no effect on final germination percentage（ GP）. The seed coat had no inhibitory effect on germination. The seeds could germinate at 25 ℃,32 ℃,and room temperature,and the germination process and growth rate could be obviously accelerated at 32 ℃,but the seeds did not germinate at 18 ℃ and 37 ℃. The seeds were able to germinate under thecondition of continuous light,continuous darkness and periodic light. The germination speed was the fastest and the germination was the most uniform under the periodic light,but there was no significant difference in GP under 3 light conditions. Thus,the G. paucinervis seed was the non-hotoblastic seed. The GP was the highest when seeds were sown in the sand and peat soil. The seeds germinated more slowly in clayey loam or limestone soil,where their GP was lower. The aboveground and underground parts of seedlings in peat soil and vermiculite grew better. The limestone soil with 40% -60% moisture content was more suitable for germination,and Germination time lag（ GTL） was longer under 80%moisture content,but the seed could not germinate u

关 键 词：种子萌发 幼苗生长 生态适应性 濒危原因 种子再生 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学] Q945.35[生物学—植物学]