旋转型超声电机在冲击环境下的失效模式研究  

Failure modes for rotary ultrasonic motors under shock environment

作　　者：孙栋 王新杰[1] 王炅[1] 陈超[2] 唐玉娟 SUN Dong;WANG Xinjie;WANG Jiong;CHEN Chao;TANG Yujuan(College of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094, China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016, China;College of Smart Science and Control Engineering,Jinling Institute of Technology,Nanjing 211169, China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,南京210094 [2]南京航空航天大学航空宇航学院,南京210016 [3]金陵科技学院智能科学与控制工程学院,南京211169

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2018年第9期32-36,85,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室开放课题(MCMS-0314G01);国家自然科学基金(51505204)

摘　　要：随着超声电机在武器系统中的应用,研究分析冲击环境下电机的失效模型,为超声电机应用在武器系统等高过载环境中提供意见与建议变得十分具有意义。分析了电机中关键部件在冲击载荷下可能存在的失效模式:压电陶瓷的断裂与脱胶;定子的塑性变形引起工作频率的漂移;定转子的塑性变形和预紧力机构中紧固螺栓的松动引起预压力的减少甚至消失。通过动力学仿真对超声电机各个部件的受力情况与应力波传递过程进行分析,分析结果显示预紧力机构是整个结构中最容易被损坏的部分。通过空气炮对超声电机进行冲击过载实验,当冲击过载达到26 546g时,超声电机中用于施加预紧力的螺栓松动,预紧力结构失效,其它结构部件没有发生明显损坏或变形。研究结果为超声电机应用于武器系统等高过载环境中提供理论依据与改进意见。It is significant to study failure modes of ultrasonic motors applied in weapon systems under shock environment. The possible failure modes of key components in ultrasonic motors include fracture and delamination of piezoelectric ceramics,drift of working frequency due to plastic deformation of the stator,and reduction or disappearance of pre-pressure due to stator and rotor’plastic deformation and bolt-loosening in pre-tightening force mechanisms. The stress states and stress wave transmission process of each component of the motors were analyzed with dynamic simulation.It was shown that the pre-tightening force mechanism is the part to be damaged most easily in the whole structure of a motor. An air gun was used to conduct the impact-overload tests for an ultrasonic motor. When the impact load reached26 546 g,bolts loosened,the pre-tightening force mechanism became invalid,but other parts had no obvious damages or deformations. The results provided a theoretical basis and improvement measures for the application of ultrasonic motors in weapon systems under shock environment.

关 键 词：高冲击 超声电机 失效模型 

分 类 号：TJ03[兵器科学与技术—兵器发射理论与技术]