一种适用于竹林空间的声景协调度评价模型  

An evaluation model suitable to bamboo gardens' soundscape coordination degree

作　　者：洪昕晨[1,2] 潘明慧 袁轶男[1] 王亚蕾 吴沙沙[1] 兰思仁[1,2] HONG Xinchen;PAN Minghui;YUAN Yi’nan;WANG Yalei;WU Shasha;LAN Siren(College of Landscape Architecture,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350001, China;Forest Park Engineering Research Center,State Forestry Administration,Fuzhou 350002, China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园林学院,福州350002 [2]国家林业局森林公园工程技术研究中心,福州350002

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2018年第9期234-238,242,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD15B00);国家林业局森林公园工程技术研究中心开放课题(PTJH1500217);福建农林大学科技创新专项基金(CXZX2017467;CXZX2017391)

摘　　要：为探究竹林空间中声景的物理量和人主观协调感受的心理量之间的关系。从声景生态学与心理物理学的角度,通过语义差异法对竹林空间中不同声景元素的协调度进行主观评价,同时测量评价位置的客观物理指标,通过对主客观数据进行拟合建立了竹林声景协调度评价模型(Coordinating Evaluation of Bamboo Garden Soundscape,CEBGS)。研究结果表明:(1)地球物理声在较安静时能使评价者产生较协调或一般的协调感受,但声压级增大后会产生一定的失调感;(2)生物声能使评价者产生较稳定的协调感受,并且在声压级增大后也不会产生显著的失调感受;(3)人工声能使评价者产生较失调的心理感受;(4)各声元素的主客观数据拟合趋势符合心理物理学法则,其中地球物理声和生物声相对倾向于费希纳法则,而人工声倾向于斯蒂文斯法则。得到了适用于竹林空间的声景协调度评价模型,为科学合理的竹林空间环境建设和提升提供了有效方法和参考依据。Here,the relation between physical quantities to represent a bamboo garden space’s soundscape and psychological quantities to represent human subjective feelings was explored. The semantic difference method was used for observers to evaluate the coordination degree of different sounds and sights in a bamboo space,the objective physical indexes of observers’ positions were measured,and eventually the evaluation model for bamboo gardens’ soundscape coordination degree was established from the perspective of the soundscape ecology and the psychophysics. The results showed that when geophysical sounds are lighter,they make evaluators produce more coordinated perceptions or general coordinated ones,while their sound pressure levels rise,evaluators produce a certain uncoordinated feeling; biological sounds make evaluators produce a steady and coordinated sensation,while their sound pressure levels rise,evaluators don’t have a significant uncoordinated feeling; artificial sounds make evaluators produce a more uncoordinated feeling;the fitting trend for subjective data and objective ones of various acoustic elements conform to principles of the psychophysics,geophysical sounds and biological ones conform to Fechner’s law,artificial sounds conform to Stevens’ law; the proposed evaluation model is suitable to bamboo gardens ’ soundscape coordination degree,it provides a reference for scientific and reasonable construction of bamboo gardens.

关 键 词：环境声学 竹林 声景生态学 心理物理学 

分 类 号：X827[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TU986.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]