基于样带的陕西省水土流失规律研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Soil and Water Loss in Shaanxi Province Based on Transects

作　　者：周晓晴 马芊红 张科利 ZHOU Xiaoqing, MA Qianhong, ZHANG Keli(Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Chin)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理科学学部,北京100875

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2018年第4期47-53,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项"水土保持生态效应监测与评价技术研究"(201501045);国家重点研发计划项目"近年来国家重大生态工程关键技术评估"(2016YFC0503704)

摘　　要：陕西省是我国水土流失最严重的地区之一,利用第一次全国水利普查水土保持调查专项数据,抽取横向7条、纵向2条典型样带,共314个调查单元,对比分析了陕西省坡度、坡长、土地利用类型对土壤侵蚀影响的区域差异。结果表明:(1)横向样带自北向南坡度均值先减小后增大,黄土高原地区坡度<20°和>30°的地块土壤侵蚀模数高于其他地区;整体来看,陕西省土壤侵蚀的临界坡度在15°~30°;(2)随坡长的增加,土壤侵蚀模数整体呈波动增长,10~20m和>30m坡长范围内,黄土高原地区土壤侵蚀最为严重;(3)耕地、园地土壤侵蚀模数高于林地、草地,耕地与园地土壤侵蚀模数自北向南呈增—减—增的变化特征;(4)区域对比来看,自北向南土壤侵蚀模数先减小后增大,侵蚀强度从大到小依次为黄土高原区、秦巴山地区、关中平原区;纵向样带土壤侵蚀模数均在1 000t/(km^2·a)左右。研究结果为认识陕西省土壤侵蚀因子区域差异,明确水土流失空间分异规律,因地制宜地制定水土保持规划提供了重要依据。Shaanxi Province is one of the most serious soil erosion regions in China.According to the special investigation of soil and water conservation of the First National Water Census,we selected nine typical transects（seven transverse transects and two longitudinal transects）which contained 314 survey units and calculated soil erosion moduli using CSLE for each block in Shaanxi Province.Based on the data,the regional effects of slope gradient,slope length and land utilization types on soil erosion were compared and analyzed.The results showed that：（1）slope gradients of transverse transects decreased from the Loess Plateau to the Guanzhong Plain,and increased from the Guanzhong Plain to the Qinbashan mountainous region;the soil erosion moduli of blocks with a slope gradient20°or30°on the Loess Plateau were greater than other regions;on the whole,the critical slope gradient for soil erosion in Shaanxi Province was between 15°-30°;（2）soil erosion moduli increased in fluctuation with the increase of slope length;compared with other regions,soil erosion on the Loess Plateau was more serious in the slopes with length range of 10-20 mand30 m;（3）soil erosion moduli of farmland and orchard were higher than those of woodland and grassland,the soil erosion moduli of farmland and orchard increased at the beginning,then decreased,and increased again later with transects change from north to south;（4）comparing the regional differences,from north to south,the soil erosion moduli of transverse transects decreased firstly and then increased.Soil erosion of the Loess Plateau region was the most serious,followed by Qinbashan mountainous region,and soil erosion of Guanzhong Plain was slight.The soil erosion moduli of longitudinal transects were about 1 000 t/（km2·a）.This study has great significance in recognizing regional differences of soil erosion factors,definiting the spatial variation laws of soil and water loss,and developing soil and water conservation planning according to local conditions in Shaa

关 键 词：水土流失 坡度 坡长 土地利用 样带 陕西省 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]