哈尔滨市90例艾滋病职业暴露个案分析  

Analysis on 90 cases of HIV occupational exposure in Harbin

作　　者：杨璧璘 白岩 罗超[1] 杨一偲[1] 李连洁[1] 颜玉涛[1] Yang Bilin,Bai Yan,Luo Chao, Yang Yisi, Li Lianjie , Yan Yutao(Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention ,Harbin 150056, Chin)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,150056

出　　处：《国际免疫学杂志》2018年第2期162-165,共4页International Journal of Immunology

摘　　要：目的分析哈尔滨市艾滋病职业暴露情况，促进职业暴露感染艾滋病病毒防护工作。方法采用回顾性调查方法，收集2009至2017年哈尔滨市发生的艾滋病职业暴露的个案资料，描述性分析艾滋病职业暴露的现状和特点。结果2009至2017年哈尔滨市共计报告艾滋病职业暴露人员90例，医护人员占84.4%（76/90），其他人员占15.6%（14/90）。艾滋病职业暴露方式以针刺伤和器械割伤为主，占66.7%（60/90），皮肤黏膜接触艾滋病病毒血液或体液占31.1%（28/90），其他方式占2.2%（2/90）。艾滋病职业暴露后82.2%（74/90）的人员进行了及时正确的紧急处理，95.6%（86/90）的人员服用了抗病毒治疗药物，其中42.2%（38/90）的人员在暴露4 h内服用。对艾滋病职业暴露人员随访24周并进行艾滋病病毒抗体检测发现无抗体阳转者。结论医护人员为哈尔滨市艾滋病职业暴露重点人群，应定期对其开展艾滋病防护知识教育和应急处理技能培训，提高防范意识。ObjectiveTo understand the status of HIV occupational exposure and to promote the protection work against HIV occupational exposure.MethodsUsing a retrospective approach, case data of HIV occupational exposure of in Harbin from 2009 to 2017 were collected. The status and characteristics of HIV occupational exposure were analyzed.ResultsA total of 90 cases of HIV occupational exposure were reported in Harbin in the period of 2009-2017.Medical staff accounted for 84.4% （76/90）, while others accounted for 15.6% （14/90）. The HIV occupational exposure was mainly caused by needle puncture and device cutting, which accounts for 66.7% （60/90）. Cases caused by direct contact to HIV-positive blood or body fluid through skin or mucous membrane accounted for 31.1% （28/90）. Exposure cases caused by other manner accounted for 2.2% （2/90）, 82.2% （74/90） of the HIV exposed subjects received correct and timely emergency treatment.95.6% （86/90） of the exposed subjects were given antiviral drugs, among which 42.2% （38/90） of them were given antiviral therapy within 4 hours immediately after exposure.The HIV exposed subjects were monitored by 24 week follow-up and none of them were found with positive HIV antibody.ConclusionRegular education and training program must be provided to the health care workers, in order to improve the awareness of occupational HIV exposure and to treat the exposed health care providers with proper emergency treatment.

关 键 词：艾滋病 职业暴露 暴露后预防 暴露方式 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]