中国社会主要矛盾转化与城镇低保政策调整  

Transformation of Major Social Contradictions and Adjustment of Urban Minimum Living Security Policy in China

作　　者：徐文奇 平萍 XU Wen - qi1 ,PING Ping2(1. Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222, China; 2. Tianjin University of Commerce ,Tianjin 300134 ,Chin)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学金融系,天津300222 [2]天津商业大学经济学院,天津300134

出　　处：《经济问题》2018年第5期8-15,共8页On Economic Problems

摘　　要：长期以来,中国城镇最低生活保障制度对于缓解城市贫困发挥着重要的作用,然而随着社会主要矛盾的转化,该制度瞄准对象及保障内容的局限性导致其减贫效果受到严重阻碍。利用北京大学中国社会科学调查中心(ISSS)实施的中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS),分别利用Alkire-Foster多维测量方法以及FGT指数分析方法,估算出城镇低保政策的覆盖范围,并针对其减贫效果进行估算。结果表明,对多维贫困群体而言,多维贫困指数在10%的贫困阈值下,中国城镇低保政策能降低20%的多维贫困发生率,但随着多维贫困深度越深,减贫效果越弱;在收入扶贫方面,城镇低保制度显著改善了绝对贫困线以下的贫困人口的收入水平。从全国来看,一阶贫困率指数下降了28.12%,贫困距平方指数下降了44.5%,但现行低保制度加剧了部分省份的相对贫困发生率。For a long time,China＇s urban minimum living security system plays an important role in alleviating urban poverty. However,with the transformation of the main social contradictions,the limitation of the guarantee system of the minimum living standard causes the poverty reduction effect to be seriously hindered. This paper uses the Chinese Family Survey Data（CFPS） implemented by the China Social Science Research Center of Peking University（ISSS）,using Alkire-Foster Multidimensional measurement method and FGT index analysis method respectively,estimates the scope of China＇s urban minimum living security in 2010-2014 years,and analyzes the effect of poverty reduction policy on urban minimum living security policy. The results show that,for the Multidimensional Poverty Groups,under the poverty threshold of K = 10%,China＇s minimum assurance policy can reduce the incidence of Multidimensional Poverty by 20%. But with the depth of Multidimensional Poverty deeper,the effect of poverty reduction is weaker. In the aspect of income poverty alleviation,the urban minimum living standard system has significantly improved the income level of the poor people below the absolute poverty line. From a national perspective,the first-order poverty rate index fell 28. 12%,the poverty gap index fell 44. 5% square. But on the other hand,the current minimum system improves the relative poverty rate in some provinces and cities.

关 键 词：城镇低保 多维贫困 减贫效果 

分 类 号：F120.2[经济管理—世界经济]