水稻栽植机械化技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Rice Transplanting Mechanization

作　　者：李泽华[1] 马旭[2] 李秀昊 陈林涛[2] 李宏伟 袁志成 LI Zehua1 MA Xu2 LI Xiuhao1 CHEN Lintao2 LI Hongwei2 YUAN Zhicheng2(1. College of Mathematic and Information, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Chin)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学数学与信息学院,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第5期1-20,共20页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700802);国家自然科学基金项目(51675188);广东省科技计划项目(2016A020210101);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目(CARS-01-33)

摘　　要：水稻栽植机械化是水稻种植机械化的主要方向,也是水稻全程机械化的研究重点和难点。本文分析了我国水稻种植机械化的发展现状、特点及制约因素,重点阐述了水稻机械化育秧技术与装备、机械化移栽技术与装备的研究现状和发展动态。秧盘育秧是实现水稻机械化移栽的前提,重点分析了秧盘育秧精密播种技术、作业自动化技术和精密播种智能化技术的研究进展。毯状苗机插秧和钵体苗机栽插是水稻机械化移栽的2种主要方式,移栽机械控制技术是移栽机械作业自动化和智能化的基础和核心,在分析我国水稻机械化移栽方式与装备的基础上,对毯状苗机插秧技术和钵体苗机栽插技术面临的主要问题进行了系统分析和总结,对移栽机械控制和智能化技术研究现状进行了阐述,提出加强耕整地机械化技术研究与应用,解决杂交稻、超级杂交稻、双季晚稻和连作晚稻机栽植问题是水稻栽植机械化技术的研究重点,提升秧盘育秧精密播种技术的播种均匀性、解决低播量下精密播种育秧、毯状苗插秧机纵向送秧的精准性和农机农艺深度融合是突破毯状苗机插秧技术的关键,研发经济高效、轻简型的钵体苗栽插装备是发展钵体苗机栽插技术的核心,加强移栽机械控制和智能化技术研究是栽植机械化进一步发展的方向。Rice transplanting mechanization is a key and critical technology in rice full-mechanized production, which has become the main development direction of rice production in China. The development status, characteristics and constraints of rice transplanting mechanization in our country were analyzed, especially the research status and development trend of technology and equipment in rice mechanized transplanting and seedling nursing were expounded. Seedling nursing in tray is the precondition for realizing rice mechanized transplanting. The research progress of precision seeding technology, operation automation technology and precision seeding intelligentization technology of seedling nursing in trays is emphatically analyzed. Rice transplanting mechanical control technology is the foundation and core of automation and intelligentization operation in transplanting machines, which mainly includes two ways of rice transplanting mechanization as blanket-shaped seedling and potted seedling mechanical transplanting. Based on the analysis of rice mechanization transplanting method and equipment in China, the main problems on those two kinds of seedlings transplanting technology were systematically analyzed and summarized, the research status of control technology of transplanting machine was discussed. It even put forward to strengthen the research and application of tillage mechanization technology, solve the difficult problem about hybrid rice and super hybrid rice mechanical transplanting, solve the problem about double season late rice and continuous cropping late rice mechanical transplanting, which is a research emphasis on rice transplanting mechanization technology.Improving sowing uniformity of precision seeding of seedling nursing technology, solving the blanket- shaped seedling precision of longitudinal amount of transplanting seedling and the depth of integration among agricultural and agronomic is a difficult problem for breaking through the key technology of rice transplanting mechanization. Inventing an e

关 键 词：水稻 生产机械化 播种育秧 栽植 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S223.9[农业科学—农业工程]