基于Δ^(13)C的不同水氮管理对水稻水分利用效率的影响  

Effect of Different Water and Nitrogen Managements on Rice Leaf Water Use Efficiency Based on Δ^(13)C

作　　者：张忠学 陈鹏 郑恩楠 聂堂哲 陈帅宏 李伟彤[3] ZHANG Zhongxue1,2 CHEN Peng1,2 ZHENG Ennan1,2NIE Tangzhe1,2 CHEN Shuaihong1,2 ,LI Weitong3(1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;2. Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China;3. School of Resource and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Chin)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2018年第5期303-312,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400108);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51779046)

摘　　要：为揭示不同水氮管理的水稻叶片水分高效利用机理,基于作物生长发育过程中发生的碳同位素分馏效应对作物的长期水分利用效率的指示特性,研究了不同水氮管理对水稻叶片气体交换参数、叶片瞬时水分利用效率(LWUEins)、内在水分利用效率(LWUEint)和碳同位素分辨率(Δ^(13)C)的影响,分析了不同水氮管理下水稻叶片Δ^(13)C与叶片水分利用效率关系。结果表明:稻作控制灌溉模式下配施适量氮肥可以提高水稻叶片气孔导度(Gs),促进叶片胞间与外界气体交换,提高叶片净光合速率(Pn),维持较高的LWUEins、LWUEint,过量施氮会增加水稻对水分亏缺的敏感性,使水稻Gs降低,不利于叶片尺度水分的高效利用;抽穗开花期控制灌溉模式下施氮量较高时叶片水分利用效率较大,同一施氮量处理控制灌溉水稻LWUEins、LWUEint和WUE均高于淹水灌溉,起到了节水高产的效果。通过统计分析可知,不同水氮管理下抽穗开花期水稻叶片Δ^(13)C与LWUEins、LWUEint和WUE均呈负相关,叶片Δ^(13)C对LWUEint的指示性优于LWUEins,且在控制灌溉下叶片Δ^(13)C与LWUEins、LWUEint的相关性较淹水灌溉更为显著;拔节孕穗期及抽穗开花期水稻叶片Δ^(13)C可以很好地表征水稻WUE。结果表明,通过测定水稻不同时期叶片Δ^(13)C能够为预测不同水氮调控下水稻水分利用效率提供参考。In order to further investigate the high water use efficiency mechanism under different water and nitrogen managements,theoretical analysis was combined with field experiments,and water use efficiency research on leaf scales was integrated through carbon isotope ＇s instruction on water use efficiency based on carbon isotopic factor effect during crop growth and development. The effects of different water and nitrogen managements on gas exchange parameters,instantaneous water use efficiency（ WUEins）,intrinsic water use efficiency（ WUEint） and carbon isotope discrimination（ Δ^（13）C） were examined,and then the relationship between Δ^（13）C in rice leaf with WUEinsand WUEintat leaf scale was analyzed to further explain the water use process in crop leaf under different water and nitrogen managements. The result showed that the appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the stomatal conductance（ Gs） of leaves of rice,promote the exchange of leaf cells with outside world,increase the net photosynthetic rate（ Pn）,and maintain high WUEintand WUEinsunder controlled irrigation. Excessive application of nitrogen would increase the sensitivity of rice to water deficit,so that Gsof rice leaves was reduced,which was not conducive to the efficient use of water at leaf scale. The leaf water use efficiency and yield were the highest when the nitrogen application rate was high at the heading stage,and WUEint,WUEinsand WUEETof the same nitrogen treatment of controlled irrigation for rice were higher than those of flood irrigation,which played water saving and high yield effect. The statisticalanalysis result indicated that leaf Δ^（13）C showed a negative relationship with WUEint,WUEinsand WUEET respectively at heading stage under different water and nitrogen managements. Leaf Δ^（13）C showed a better indicating capacity on WUEintthan that on WUEins. Furthermore,the correlation between leaf Δ^（13）C and WUEins,WUEintunder controlled irrigation was more significant than that un

关 键 词：水稻 水氮管理 水分利用效率 碳同位素分辨率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S314