不同黄腐酸用量对‘红将军’苹果产量、品质和^(15)N-尿素去向的影响  

Effects of different fulvic acid application rates on fruit yield,quality and fate of ^(15)N-urea in ‘Red General’ apple

作　　者：彭玲[1] 刘晓霞[1] 何流[1] 田蒙 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] PENG Ling, LIU Xiao-xia, HE Liu, TIAN Meng, GE Shun-feng, JIANG Yuan-mao(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/ State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai＇ an 271018, Shandong, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第5期1412-1420,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501713);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设资金项目(CARS-27);山东农业大学泉林黄腐酸肥料工程实验室开放研发基金资助~~

摘　　要：以15年生红将军/八棱海棠为试材,运用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,设置单施尿素(CK)及尿素配施不同用量黄腐酸处理(黄腐酸用量分别为75、150、300和450 kg·hm^(-2),分别以NF_1、NF_2、NF_3和NF_4表示),研究不同黄腐酸用量对苹果植株^(15)N-尿素吸收、利用、残留、损失及果实产量和品质的影响.结果表明:至果实成熟期,苹果根系、一年生枝和叶片的Ndff值(植株器官从肥料中吸收分配到的^(15)N量对该器官全氮量的贡献率)均为NF_3>NF_4>NF_2>NF_1>CK,且各处理间差异显著.植株全氮量和^(15)N吸收量均以NF_3处理最大,其次为NF_4处理,CK处理最低.与CK处理相比,NF_1、NF_2、NF_3和NF_4处理^(15)N利用率分别提高了14.2%、33.5%、64.2%和50.0%,而^(15)N损失率分别降低了9.1%、18.5%、37.1%和28.7%.不同处理土壤^(15)N残留量不同.配施黄腐酸处理0~60 cm土层^(15)N残留量显著高于CK处理,其中以NF_3处理最多,而在60~100 cm土层显著低于CK处理.NF_3处理单株产量和纯收益较CK处理增幅最大,分别为15.8%和20.2%,其次为NF_4处理,同时,NF_3处理果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量和糖酸比均达到最高水平.通过对果实产量和氮素利用率与黄腐酸施用量进行拟合分析,得出本试验条件下适宜的黄腐酸用量为326.41~350.61 kg·hm^(-2).To explore the effects of different fulvic acid application rates on15N-urea absorption,utilization,residue amount,loss and fruit yield and quality,fifteen-year-old‘Red General＇/Malus micromalus Makino was selected as experiment material by using the15N-labeled tracer technique.Five treatments were established： single urea(CK）,combination of urea and fulvic acid with varied rates(NF1,NF2,NF3 and NF4 represented 75,150,300 and 450 kg·hm^（-2） fulvic acid application rates,respectively）. The main results were as follows： the15N derived from fertilizer(Ndff） in root,one-year-old branch and leaf were displayed with an order of NF3NF4NF2NF1CK at the fruit maturity stage,and significant difference was observed in Ndff value among the five treatments. The total N content and15N absorption amount were highest in NF3,followed by NF4,and lowest in CK. Compared with CK,the15N utilization rate in NF1,NF2,NF3 and NF4 was increased by 14.2%,33.5%,64.2% and 50.0%,and the15N loss rate was decreased by 9. 1%,18.5%,37. 1% and 28. 7% respectively. The residue amount of15N-urea varied across different treatments,and that in 0-60 cm soil layer under combination of urea and fulvic acid was significantly higher than CK,with the highest value occurred in NF3,while it was lower than CK in 60-100 cm soil layer. In comparison with CK treatment,the largest increment of yield per plant and net income appeared in NF3,with an enhancement of 15.8% and 20.2%,respectively. In addition,the fruit hardness,soluble solid and sugar-acid ratio reached the highest value in NF3. Considering the responses of fruit yield and N utilization efficiency,the suitable fulvic acid application rate was326.41-350.61 kg·hm^（-2）.

关 键 词：黄腐酸 15N-尿素 苹果 产量 15N去向 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]