控释氮肥和袋控肥对‘王林’苹果^(15)N-尿素利用及其在土壤累积的影响  

Effects of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer and bag-controlled release fertilizer on utilization of ^(15)N-urea in ‘Orin’ apple and its accumulation in soil

作　　者：沙建川 王芬[1] 田歌[1] 于波[1] 葛顺峰[1] 姜远茂[1] SHA Jian-chuan, WANG Fen, TIAN Ge, YU Bo, GE Shun-feng, JIANG Yuan-mao(College of Horticultural Science and Engi- neering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai＇ an 271018, Shandong , Chin)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2018年第5期1421-1428,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31501713);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201100);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(CARS-28)资助~~

摘　　要：以6年生‘王林’/SH6/八棱海棠为试验材料,采用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,研究了普通尿素(CU)、袋控缓释肥(BCRF)和控释氮肥(CRNF)对^(15)N-尿素吸收、利用、损失和0~80 cm土层氮素累积动态的影响.结果表明:CRNF和BCRF处理较CU处理均明显提高了苹果生长后期土壤无机氮含量、果实成熟期叶片的SPAD值、氮含量、净光合速率和植株各器官对氮的吸收能力(Ndff值),但CRNF影响更显著.在0~40 cm土层不同物候期^(15)N残留量呈降低趋势,均以CRNR最高,BCRF次之,CU最低,且CRNF降幅平缓,^(15)N残留量主要集中在0~40 cm土层;在40~80 cm土层不同物候期^(15)N残留量呈增加趋势,均以CU最高,BCRF次之,CRNF最低,且CRNF增幅平缓.在果实成熟期,CRNF的^(15)N肥料利用率为32.6%,分别是BCRF和CU的1.11、1.56倍,而^(15)N损失率为21.6%,显著低于BCRF(35.6%)和CU(59.6%).CRNF显著提高了果实产量,改善了果实品质,增加了经济效益.Taking a six-year old ‘Orin＇apple tree plantation(‘Orin＇/SH6/Malus micromalus Makino） as test material,the effects of common urea treatment(CU）,bag-controlled release fertilizers treatment(BCRF） and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment(CRNF） on15N-urea absorption,utilization,loss and accumulation dynamics of nitrogen content in 0-80 cm soil layer were investigated by15N labeled tracer method. The results showed that compared with CU treatment,both CRNF and BCRF treatments increased the inorganic nitrogen content in soil at the late stage of apple growth,the leaf SPAD value,leaf nitrogen content,net photosynthetic rate and15N derived from fertilizer(Ndff value） of different organs at fruit maturity stage,with CRNF showing stronger effects than BCRF. The amount of15N residue in 0-40 cm soil layer showed a decreasing trend in different phenological stages. The amount of15N residue was the highest in CRNF,followed by BCRF,and the lowest in CU,among which CRNF declined gently with15N residue mainly concentrated in the 0-40 cm soil layer.15N residue in 40-80 cm soil layer showed an increasing trend in different phenological stages,which was the highest in CU,followed by BCRF,and the lowest in CRNF,and that of CRNF increased gently. The15N fertilizer utilization rate of CRNF was 32.6% at fruit maturity stage,which was 1.11 and 1.56 times as high as that of BCRF and CU,whereas its15N loss rate was 21.6%,being obviously lower than BCRF(35. 6%） and CU(59. 6%）. CRNF significantly improved fruit yield and quality and increased economic benefits.

关 键 词：苹果 袋控缓释肥 控释氮肥 15N-尿素 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]