秸秆还田与化肥减量配施对稻茬麦土壤养分、酶活性及产量影响  

Effects of Reduction of NPK Fertilizer Application Rates plus Rice Straw Return on Soil Nutrient,Enzyme Activities and Wheat Yield in Rice-Wheat Rotation System

作　　者：吴玉红[1] 郝兴顺 田霄鸿[2] 陈艳龙[2] 张春辉[1] 陈浩[1] 李厚华[1] 秦宇航[1] 赵胜利[1] WU Yuhong;HA;TIAN Xiaohong;CHEN Yanlong;ZHANG Chunhui;CHENG Hao;LI Houhua;QIN Yuhang;ZHA(Hanzhong Agricultural Research Institute,Shaanxi Hanzhong 723000,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A＆F University,Shaanxi Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业科学研究所,陕西汉中723000 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌721000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2018年第5期998-1005,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTCL02-21;2016KTZDNY03-01);陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2016NY-180)

摘　　要：【目的】稻麦一年二熟轮作是汉中盆地小麦生产的最重要种植制度之一,本文采用田间试验,研究水稻秸秆全量还田对小麦季土壤养分、酶活性及小麦产量的影响,旨在揭示本地区水稻秸秆还田替代部分化肥的产量及沃土效应。【方法】试验共设置氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾+秸秆还田(NPKS)、氮磷钾减量15%+秸秆还田(-15%NPKS)、氮磷钾减量30%+秸秆还田(-30%NPKS)4个处理。【结果】与秸秆不还田(NPK)相比,水稻秸秆还田处理(NPKS、-15%NPKS和-30%NPKS)均不同程度降低了0~15 cm土层的土壤容重,其中对0~5 cm土层影响最为显著;NPKS和适量化肥减量(-15%NPKS)提高了0~15 cm土壤有机碳(TOC)和活性有机碳(LOC)含量,而高量化肥减量(-30%NPKS)会降低TOC和LOC含量,还田处理均提高了15~30 cm土层有机碳(TOC)含量;秸秆还田(NPKS)及适量化肥减量(-15%NPKS)增加了土壤脲酶活性,增幅分别达32.7%和29.0%;NPKS处理提高了蔗糖酶活性,增幅达19.8%,而化肥减量(-15%NPKS和-30%NPKS)显著降低了蔗糖酶活性,降幅分别为32.5%和10.7%。与秸秆不还田(NPK)相比,秸秆还田与化肥减量配施均降低了土壤养分含量。此外,适量化肥减量(-15%NPKS)对小麦产量无显著影响,而高量化肥减量(-30%NPKS)会显著降低小麦产量。相关分析表明,小麦产量与土壤有机质及养分含量显著相关。秸秆还田与化肥氮磷钾减量15%配施对小麦产量和土壤肥力无负面影响。【结论】因此,稻麦轮作体系下,水稻秸秆全量还田同时氮磷钾肥减量15%措施不仅能够保证小麦季小麦稳产,而且减少环境污染风险,具有农学、经济、环境三赢潜力。【0bjective】Rice-wheat rotation each year is one of the most important agricultural planting systems in Hanzhong plain region. The field experiments in winter wheat growth period under rice-wheat rotation system were conducted to investigate the effects of reduction of N,P, and K fertilization rates plus rice straw return on soil nutrient, enzyme activities and wheat yield. 【Method】The experiment design included four treatments： NPK fertilization without straw return, NPK fertilization with straw return （NPKS）, NPK fertilization rate reduction by 15 % plus straw return （-15 % NPKS） and NPK fertilization rates reduction by 30 % plus straw return （-30 % NPKS）. 【Result】 Compared to NPK（CK）, NPKS, -15 % NPKS and -30 % NPKS treatments all reduced the soil bulk density of 0-15 cm soil layer, especially in 0-5 cm soil layer. Compared to NPK, NPKS and -15 % NPKS treatments increased L0C and T0C contents in 0-15 cm soil layer ,however, -30 % NPKS treatment reduced L0C and T0C contents, straw return treatments increased T0C conter. The NPKS and -15 % NPKS treatments increased theurease activities by 32.7 % and 29 % , respectively; The NPKS treatment increased the invertase activity by 19.8 % , however, -15 % NPKS and -30 % NPKS treatments significantly reduced the invertase activities by 32.5 % and 10.7 % , respectively, meanwhile, both -15 % NPKS and -30 % NPKS treatment reduced soil nutrient contents. As far as wheatyield, the -15 % NPKS treatment had no significant effect on wheat yield, but the -30 % NPKS treatment did reduce wheat yield. Correlation analysis showed that the wheat yield was significantly correlated with soil organic carbon. The appropriate reduction in NPK fertilizer application rate （-15 %） plus straw return had no significantly negative effects on soil fertility and crop yield. 【Conclusion】In conclusion,under rice-wheat rotation system, the appropriate reduction in NPK fertilizer application plus rice straw retiarn had positive effects on agriculture ,economy a

关 键 词：汉中盆地 秸秆还田 化肥减量 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S341[农业科学—农业基础科学]