不同育苗基质对铁橡栎和乌桕苗木生长的影响  

Effect of Substrate on Seedling Growing of Quercus baronii and Sapium sebiferum

作　　者：常恩福[1,2] 李娅 李品荣[1,2] 肖桂英[3] 张清 丁玉雄 黄春良 CHANG En- fu;LI Ya;LI Pin-rong;XIAO Gui- ying;ZHANG Qing;DING Y u - xiong;HUANG Chun-liang(Yunnan Academy of Forestry,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Jianshui Station for Desert Ecological Sestem Obervation And Research,Jianshui Yunnan 654399,P.R.China;Jianshui Station foresty of technology,Jianshui Yunnan 654300,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南建水荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,云南建水654399 [3]建水县林业技术推广所,云南建水654300

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2018年第3期56-62,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFC0502504);云南省林业科学院"植物营养与林木菌根真菌研究利用学科团队"

摘　　要：铁橡栎和乌桕是石灰岩山地的适生树种。以咖啡壳、甘蔗渣、草碳、森林土等为原料配制成4种育苗基质,开展铁橡栎和乌桕育苗对比试验,通过测定2个树种苗高、地径、主根长、根幅、一级侧根数、地上生物量、地下生物量共7个性状指标,分析不同育苗基质对其苗木生长的影响。结果表明,不同育苗基质对2个树种苗木质量的影响不同,不同树种适应不同的育苗基质。铁橡栎苗木的7个性状指标中,除苗高无显著差异和主根长差异未达显著水平外,其余5个性状指标差异均达显著(P<0.05)或极显著水平(P<0.01),乌桕除一级侧根数差异不显著外,其余6个性状指标差异均达显著或极显著水平,不同育苗基质苗木生长的差异是树种生长特性、苗期生长规律及基质理化性状综合作用的结果。铁橡栎苗期主要以扩展根系、增强根系吸收功能为主,乌桕苗期主要是通过地上部分的快速生长来扩展其光合面积,从而促进地下部分的生长。基于单一性状指标的表现及7个苗木生长指标隶属函数值计算结果,以有机废弃物咖啡壳、甘蔗渣为主要原料配制的1#、2#育苗基质可用作铁橡栎的育苗基质,1#育苗基质也可满足乌桕苗木生长的需求。Quercus baronii and Sapium sebiferum are tree species adapted to karst mountainous area. In this study,taking rotten coffee shell,rotten bagasse,peat and forest soil as components,four kinds of growing substrates were prepared and conducted the seedling raising experiments on these two species. Seven parameters of tested seedlings including height,basal diameter,length of main root,width of root system,number of primary lateral roots,aboveground biomass and underground biomass,were monitored and examined,to analyze the effect of different growing substrates. It was found the effects of different substrates varied,and each species had its preferable growing substrate. For Quercus baronii seedling,except height and main root length,the difference between different substrates were not significant,other five parameters,the differences between substrates obtained the level of P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01. As far as Sapium sebiferum was concerned,except the number of primary lateral roots,all the other six indexes between different treatments obtained the level of P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01. The performance of seedling growing was the comprehensive results of tree species characteristics,seedling growing regular,physical and chemical aspects of growing substrate. The seedling growing of Quercus baronii was characterized by expanding root system,and enhancing the absorption function of root system,whereas Sapium sebiferum was characterized by speeding growing of aboveground part,expanding photosynthetic area,in turn promoting the growth of underground part. Based on growing performance,and the calculation results of membership function of seven parameters,it was concluded that the growing substrates No. 1 and No. 2 with rotten coffee shell and rotten bagasse as the main components,were suitable for seedlings raising of Quercus baronii,and No. 1 growing substrate was also suitable for seedling raising of Sapium sebiferum.

关 键 词：石灰岩山地 适生树种 育苗基质 铁橡栎 乌桕 

分 类 号：S792.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种]