长三角地区大气污染演变趋势及空间分异特征  

Historical trends and spatial distributions of major air pollutants in the Yangtze River Delta

作　　者：石颖颖[1,2] 朱书慧 李莉 陈勇航 安静宇[2] 傅子曦 Shi Ying-ying1,2, Zhu Shu-hui2, Li Li2, Chen Yong-hang1, An Jing-yu2, Fu Zi-xi2(1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China ;2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Cause and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, Chin)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]上海市环境科学研究院国家环境保护城市大气复合污染成因与防治重点实验室,上海200233

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期184-191,199,共9页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAC22B03);国家自然科学基金重点项目(91644211)

摘　　要：基于2005-2015年环境空气质量观测数据,分析了长三角地区大气污染物质量浓度演变趋势及空间分异特征.结果表明,2005-2015年,长三角地区社会经济快速发展,大气污染情况随之增加.随着大气污染治理力度的加大,长三角地区在SO_2污染控制方面取得了显著成绩,2015年ρ(SO_2)较2005年下降了54%;区域ρ(NO_2)居高不下,快速增加的机动车保有量和使用强度,以及能源消费总量在很大程度上抵消了污染治理的效果;2013年"大气污染防治十条措施"实施以来,区域ρ(PM_(10))和ρ(PM_(2.5))逐年下降.长三角北部和腹地区域ρ(SO_2)高于区域平均值,与该地区较高的燃煤密度和工业布局有关;腹地区域和西南部ρ(NO_2)较高,与较高的机动车使用强度有关;颗粒物质量浓度呈北高南低、西高东低的空间分布特征,长三角北部PM_(10)污染突出;PM_(2.5)和O_3的区域性污染特征明显.区域ρ(SO_2)水平仍然较高,需进一步加大能源结构调整力度;机动车尾气污染治理力度亟需加强,以确保在机动车保有量持续增加的前提下,取得ρ(NO_x)的改善;区域大气污染特征存在显著空间分异,应当因地制宜制定分区防控政策.Based on the observation data on air quality in 2005-2015, the evolution trends and spatial distribution characteristics of air pollutants in the Yangtze River Delta（YRD） were analyzed, with the results showing that, with the rapid development of social economy in YRD, the quality of atmospheric environment has been badly polluted. The increased air pollution control has made remarkable achievements on controlling the SO2 pollution. ρ（SO2） in 2015 decreased by 54% compared with 2005. But the rapidly increased motor vehicle ownership and use intensity, as well as the total energy consumption, to a large extent, offset this effect, leading to a high regional p（NO2）; since the implementation of the air pollution prevention action plan, the ρ（PM10） and ρ（PM2.5） had decreased year by year. The p（SO2） in the north and the hinterland of the YRD region was higher than the regional average concentration, which was related to the higher density of coal combustion and industrial layout; the ρ（NO2） was higher in the hinterland and southwest of the region, closely related to the high vehicle use intensity; the spatial distribution of particle concentration showed the average concentration to be higher in the northern part and western part while it was lower in the southern part and eastern part; PM10 pollution was prominent in northern YRD; regional pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and O3 were obvious. Regional ρ（SO2） level was still high, which needs further increasing the intensity of energy restructuring; motor vehicle exhaust pollution control needs to be strengthened in order to ensure, with the increased number of motor vehicles, p（NOx） improvement. There were significant spatial differences in the characteristics of regional air pollution, and local control policies should be formulated according to local conditions.

关 键 词：大气污染 演变趋势 空间分异 长三角 

分 类 号：TU18[建筑科学—建筑理论]