英国衡平法上救济先于权利原则的衍生  

A Study of the Principle of Remedies Precede Rights in Equity

作　　者：敖海静 Ao Haijing(Law School ,Renmin University of China ,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2018年第3期156-166,共11页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

摘　　要：普通法的僵化是衡平法救济兴起的诱因,作为更加关注个案公正的衡平法,其兴起在实质上乃是王权、教权以及封建领主与贵族之间权力互动关系的产物。大法官并不考虑当事人是否遭受了权利侵犯,而是将案件事实结合宗教道德来考察其是否遭受了实质的不公,并最终决定是否给予衡平法上的救济,"救济先于权利"的思想就此萌芽并兴起。大法官逐渐转由普通法律师担任,衡平救济行政特性的丧失和司法属性不断增强,以及衡平法先例原则的最终确立实现了衡平救济的性质转变,使其成为名副其实的司法救济,并逐步规则化。之后,救济先于权利原则有所淡化,但仍在源于"不公正和现有社会标准"的情况下发挥作用。权利和救济之间关系的变迁不仅实际上体现了法律发展中个案救济和普遍权利之间的辩证和紧张关系,也是每一个寻求善治的社会都必然要面临的"课题"。The direct reason of Equity＇s rise is the rigidity of common law and its failure of self-regulation.But as an independent source of law which focus on individual justice,Equity is the product of a political game between the King,Church and feudal lords. Chancellor did not consider whether the parties＇ legal rights are infringed,but preferred to investigate whether they suffer from the substantial injustice with religious morality.On this basis,Chancellor decided whether to give the parties equitable remedies.On this basis,the principle of remedies precede rights was born.With more and more barristers serving as Chancellor,as well as the loss of equitable remedies ＇ administrative attribute and the enhancement of their judicial attribute,the nature of equitable remedies changed. After that,the principle of remedies precede rights still plays a role in the two cases although it has been diluted.The change of the relationship between rights and remedies actually reflects the dialectical and intense relationship between case relief and universal law. Coordinating this relationship is an unavoidable problem for any society seeking good governance.

关 键 词：衡平法 救济 大法官 救济先于权利 

分 类 号：D909.1[政治法律—法学理论]