轻微犯罪立法的反思与完善  

Introspection and Improvement of Minor Crime Legislations

作　　者：陈志军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学法学院,北京100038

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2018年第3期71-80,共10页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：轻微犯罪特指法定最高刑为拘役的犯罪。三个轻微犯罪的司法适用中都出现了偏离立法初衷的状况。中国轻微犯罪的立法和司法存在以下缺陷:将大量轻微不法者打入犯罪另册不利于社会的长治久安;有悖宽严相济的刑事政策;忽视短期自由刑带来的弊端。应当采取下列完善建议:适当提高入罪门槛;将轻微犯罪全部纳入附条件不起诉制度的适用范围;将危险驾驶罪的刑罚修改为"拘役或者管制,并处或者单处罚金";借鉴周末监禁、业余监禁、半监禁等自由刑变通执行方式;建立拘役易科罚金制度;建立拘役易科社区服务制度;将轻微犯罪全部纳入犯罪记录封存制度。The minor crime refers in particular to the crimes which its highest statutory penalty is the punishment of detention.In the judicial application of all three minor crimes,there is a situation that deviates from the original intention of legislation.There are the following defects in the legislation and judicature of China's minor crimes:it is detrimental to the long-term stability of society to push a large number ofminor offenders into the other register as a criminal,contrary to the criminal policy of combining leniency with rigidity,neglecting the disadvantages of short-term imprisonment penalty.The following improvement suggestions should be taken:appropriately raising the threshold of incrimination,the punishment of the crime of dangerous driving is amended as"detention or control,and/or fine",taking examples from the flexible execution ways of imprisonment penalty,such as weekend imprisonment,amateur imprisonment and semi imprisonment,establishing the system of converting punishment of detention to fine,establishing the system of converting punishment of detention to community service,incorporating all minor crimes into the system of sealing criminal record.

关 键 词：轻微犯罪 刑事政策 刑法谦抑性 短期自由刑 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]