白洋淀水体挥发性有机物污染特征与风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds in Baiyangdian Lake

作　　者：高秋生[1,2,3] 赵永辉 焦立新 田自强[1] 杨柳[3] 杨苏文[1,2] 崔志丹[1,2] 郝子峰 GAO Qiu-sheng1,2,3, ZHAO Yong-hui4, JIAO Li-xin1,2, TIAN Zi-qiang1, YANG Liu3, YANG Su-wen1,2, CUI Zhi-dan1,2, HAO Zi-feng1,2(1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012,China; 2. National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 3. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China; 4. Henan Province Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhengzhou 450000,Chin)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院湖泊水污染治理与生态修复技术国家工程实验室,北京100012 [3]中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院,北京100083 [4]河南省环境监控中心,郑州450000

出　　处：《环境科学》2018年第5期2048-2055,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项(2015FY110900)

摘　　要：为研究白洋淀水体中挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)污染现状,于2016年3月在白洋淀采集15个水体样品,采用吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法分析了54种VOCs的浓度,对其分布特征和健康风险进行讨论,并尝试利用综合污染指数法对白洋淀水体VOCs污染情况进行评估.结果表明:(1)白洋淀水体中共有14种VOCs被检测出来,其中二氯甲烷、苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯、1,3,5-三甲基苯检出率为100%,二甲苯浓度最高,平均值为564.9 ng·L^(-1);三氯乙烯浓度最低,平均值仅为3.3 ng·L^(-1),检出率为13.3%.(2)白洋淀水体中VOCs总浓度在423.0~4 207.8 ng·L^(-1)之间,苯系物是主要污染物,主要来源可能是上游污水处理厂的出水、工业废水以及城市内机动车尾气的排放.(3)健康风险评价显示白洋淀水体中VOCs不会对人体产生致癌和非致癌风险;VOCs综合污染指数显示白洋淀水体中VOCs处于清洁水平.In order to survey the present pollution from volatile organic compounds in Baiyangdian Lake,15 water samples were collected in March 2016,and analyzed for 54 VOCs by purge and trap gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The distribution characteristics and health risk assessments were investigated,and the pollution from the VOCs was evaluated by a comprehensive pollution index. The survey showed that：（1） a total of 14 VOCs were detected in Baiyangdian water,with a 100% detection rate for dichloromethane,benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene,xylene,and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene; xylene had the highest concentration with an average concentration of 564. 9 ng·L^-1; and trichloroethylene had the lowest concentration with an average concentration of 3. 3 ng·L^-1 and a detection rate of only 13. 3%;（2） the total concentration of VOCs in Baiyangdian water was between 423. 0 and 4 207. 8 ng·L^-1,and benzene was the main pollutant,with its main source coming from the effluent from the upstream sewage treatment plant,the industrial wastewater,and the exhaust emissions of motor vehicles in the city; and（3）the health risk assessment showed that VOCs in Baiyangdian Lake did not produce carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks to humans,and the VOC comprehensive pollution index shows that the VOCs in the Baiyangdian Lake were at a clean level.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 白洋淀 分布特征 健康风险评价 综合污染指数 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4