公路路面热效应对环境气温的影响分析  

Experimental Analysis of Impact of Roads on Temperature Observation

作　　者：罗丽 郭建侠[1] 陈一枝 贾红莉[5] 薛春芳[6] 郭江峰[6] 严家德[4] Luo Li1,2,3, Guo Jianxia2, Chen Yizhi4, Jia Hongli5, Xue Chunfang6, Guo Jiangfeng6, Yan Jiade4(1 Meteorological Observation Center of CMA, Beijing 100081; 2 Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms（LACS）, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100029 ; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049; 4 Nanjing University of Information and Science Technology, Nanjing 21004; 5 Qinghai Province Meteorological Observatory, Xining 710015; 6 Shanxi Meteorological Service, Xi＇an 710015)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象探测中心,北京100081 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴重点实验室,北京100029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [5]青海省气象台,西宁810001 [6]陕西省气象局,西安710015

出　　处：《气象科技》2018年第2期403-411,共9页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106049)资助

摘　　要：为定量研究公路对气温观测的影响,本文使用2014年1—5月在陕西省开展的两组公路观测试验的逐分钟温度、风向、风速等气象资料,对比分析了合阳县国道和渭蒲高速公路在不同季节、不同天空状况以及不同背景风速条件下对周围环境气温观测的影响程度和影响距离。试验结果表明:公路对周围的环境温度有一定的增温影响,合阳国道对环境温度的增温影响至75m,增温效应达0.25~0.4℃。高速公路的增温影响至125m,增温效应达0.2~0.4℃。冬季,两条公路白天增温效应较夜间明显,春季,高速公路夜间增温更明显。晴天、多云天气比阴天、降雨天气增温程度大。公路对气温的增温影响存在风速阈值,当风速小于对应阈值时,增温效应明显。公路上来往车流量对气温有一定的叠加增温影响,合阳国道白天车流量150~350辆,叠加增温效应0.05~0.1℃,蒲渭高速白天车流量2000~3500辆,叠加增温效应0.16℃。In order to quantitatively evaluate the air temperature affected by roads,two types of roads were selected to do the experiments：one was the State Road with 10 meters wide,the other was the highway with 28 meters wide.The air temperature was measured at 8 points by one side of the road,the distance of the points away from the road from 15 mto 200 m.Wind speed and direction were measured at one of the points,which is 30 mfrom the road.The experiments were carried out from January to May,2014,in Shanxi Province.Air temperature,wind speed and wind direction were recorded minutely.The difference of the air temperature among different points is mainly studied.The results are as follows：（1）The road was a heat source for the surrounding environment.The intensity of the heat source varied within a day,with the weather conditions,wind velocity,and the traffic of the road.Usually,it became stronger in the conditions of the sunny days,low wind speed,daytime and heavy traffic flow.But sometimes the intensity of the heat effect at night time was stronger than that in the daytime around the highway in spring.（2）The heat effect added by the traffic flow was 0.05 ℃ to 0.1 ℃ on the State Road,which with the daily traffic flow of 150 to 350,while that was 0.16℃ on the highway,which with the daily traffic flow of 2000-3500.（3）The distance by the road influenced to the air temperature was 75 moff the State Road,and 125 moff the Highway.The raising temperature effect was up to 0.25 to 0.4 ℃ on the State Road,and 0.2-0.4 ℃ on the Highway.

关 键 词：探测环境 公路 气温 观测试验 

分 类 号：P412.11[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]