探微日本明治改历  

An Examination of Calendar Reform in Meiji Japan

作　　者：李卓 LI Zhuo(Japan Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300171 , China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学日本研究院,天津300171

出　　处：《日本问题研究》2018年第2期28-35,共8页Japanese Research

摘　　要：改历是日本明治初期"文明开化"的标志性事件之一。在此之前,旧历在日本使用了近一千三百年,分为使用汉历与使用和历两个阶段,体现了中国传统历法对日本的深远影响。明治改历是日本在明治维新后欲尽快融入西方世界的大背景下,为摆脱财政困境而孤注一掷的冒险。其结果,既节省了政府的财政支出,也收获了文明开化的好名声。而"粗暴的改历"完全无视千百年来的旧历传统,让日本民众为历法突然间的"脱亚入欧"付出了代价。考察145年前明治改历的过程,对于评价明治维新的得失很有意义。The change of calendar system is one of the landmark events in Japan＇s implementation of the Civilization and Enlightenment policy during the Meiji Restoration.Previously,the old calendar system consisted of two stages—the use of Chinese calendar and the use of Japanese calendar.This old calendar system was deeply influenced by Chinese calendar system and had been used for approximately 1,300 years.Japan＇s change of calendar system occurred alongside with Japan＇s intention of integrating into the western world after the Meiji Restoration.It also appeared to be one bold attempt with the aim to overcome fiscal difficulty.As a result,it not only saved government expenses,but also elevated the reputation of the new Meiji government.However,this cursory act of calendar reform overlooked traditions and paid a high price for the sudden＂departure from Asia for Europe＂.The examination of the calendar reform 145 years ago is of great significance for the evaluation of the success and failure of the Meiji Restoration.

关 键 词：汉历 文明开化 明治改历 大隈重信 脱亚入欧 

分 类 号：K313[历史地理—历史学]