短时睡眠剥夺对驾驶人驾驶操作绩效的影响  

Effect of Short-time Sleep Deprivation on Driving Performance

作　　者：孙智诚 王长帅 罗珅 朱彤[1] Sun Zhi -cheng;Wang Chang - ahuai;Luo Shen;Zhu Tong(School of Automobile,Chang＇an University,Xi＇an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《人类工效学》2018年第2期8-13,共6页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：目的本研究探索24 h内睡眠剥夺(SD)对驾驶人警觉性、驾驶肢体操作的影响。方法本研究在驾驶模拟器中设计了5个不同水平睡眠剥夺时间的实验,并对18名年轻驾驶人(平均24.7岁)展开仿真模拟实验,并通过驾驶模拟器采集他们的驾驶操作数据。结果在24 h内,随着睡眠剥夺时间增加,驾驶人的警觉性先降低后有所提升,但仍低于起床后3 h状态。驾驶人的驾驶肢体操作随着睡眠剥夺时间先变好后变坏,并且在睡眠剥夺16 h后驾驶人更加倾向于简单的动作。此外,驾驶人车道保持能力和换道次数呈现从差变好再变差的趋势,在睡眠剥夺16 h时达到最优。结论驾驶员的警觉性整体下降,而肢体操作能力在16 h后逐渐下降,但是随着清醒时间增长驾驶人动作的灵活性、驾驶人车道保持方面和驾驶人警觉性在24 h睡眠剥夺后是否还能增加,仍需进一步研究。Objective This study investigates the effect of sleep deprivation（ SD） on vigilance and driving manipulation in 24 h. Methods This study design 5 different levels of sleep deprivation experiment in a driving simulator. Eighteen young drivers（ mean of age 24. 7） were tested and their driving manipulation data were collected by using driving simulator. Results With the increase of sleep deprivation times,the driver ＇s vigilance decreased firstly and then increased in 24 hours,but still lower than that of 3 h after wake up. The driver ＇s driving behavior improved firstly and then deteriorated over the sleep deprivation time,and the drivers were prone to take simple action after 16 h. Moreover,drivers＇ ability of lane-keeping and lane changing showed a trend from poor to well and then to poor again. This ability reached the optimum when sleep deprivation up to 16 h. Conclusion The alertness of driver decrease because of SD,while drivers ＇ manipulation become lower after 16 h. However,further studies are needed on whether the driver＇s flexibility of manipulation,driver lane keeping and driver alertness will increase after 24 h sleep deprivation as the waking time increases.

关 键 词：交通安全 睡眠剥夺 驾驶操作 车道保持能力 警觉性 驾驶行为 模拟驾驶 疲劳 

分 类 号：U491.254[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理] U471.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]