基于暖体假人的环境热舒适评价技术研究  

Research on the Evaluation Technology of Environmental Thermal Comfort Based on Manikin

作　　者：王瑞 赵朝义[1] 呼慧敏[1] 邱义芬[2] WANG Rui;HU Hui - min;ZHA;QIU Yi-fen(Ergonomics Laboratory, China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China;School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing, 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]中国标准化研究院人类工效实验室,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京100191

出　　处：《人类工效学》2018年第2期43-47,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

摘　　要：主观评价和客观测试是研究环境热舒适性的主要方法,一般的客观测试是通过布置测点测试室内热环境参数计算预计平均热感觉指数(PMV——Predicted Mean Vote),室内热环境的非稳态影响因素使得该方法很难综合描述并准确预测非稳态热环境下人的热舒适程度。本文通过中国成年人体数据库获取我国人群的体貌及生理特征,选取50百分位成年男性人体三维数据建立暖体假人模型,根据舒适状态下的人体热平衡方程制定控制策略,开发了一套可用于测试非稳态、非均匀热环境下人体与环境之间热量交换的暖体假人测试系统,在人工环境实验室营造特定的热湿环境,利用暖体假人测试系统测试了当前环境的预计平均热感觉指数(PMV)为-0.8,并对该环境进行被试者主观评价测试,得到热感觉投票值(TSV——Thermal Sensation Vote)为-0.65,被试者主观体验结果与暖体假人客观测试结果的相对误差仅为2.1%。The subjective evaluation and objective test are the main methods to study the thermal comfort sensation of the environment. For objective test,the predicted mean vote（ PMV） is calculated by thermal environment parameters which are obtained from test points arranging in the test room. However,using the traditional method in an unsteady thermal environment,the unstable factors of indoor thermal environment leads to the difficulty to describe and predict the thermal comfort comprehensively and accurately. Through the thermal manikin is developed to evaluate thermal comfort of environment. Chinese adult human database are used to obtain the physical and physiological characteristics of Chinese population,50 percentile male adults＇ three dimensional physical data is selected to establish the thermal manikin model. The control strategy is formulated according to the thermal balance equation of the human body under the comfortable condition. It can test the heat exchange between human body and environment in an unsteady and heterogeneous thermal environment. A specific heat and humidity environment is built in an artificial environment laboratory,the PMV is obtained by the thermal manikin test system,which is-0. 8 in the current environment. At the same time,the subjective evaluation test is conducted in the same environment and the thermal sensation vote（ TSV） is-0. 65. The relative error is only 2. 1 % between the subjective evaluations and the objective test results of the manikin. It can be seen that the thermal manikin can describe and predict the environment thermal comfort comprehensively and accurately.

关 键 词：热舒适性 暖体假人 预计平均热感觉指数 热感觉投票值 热平衡 服装设计 

分 类 号：TU119.5[建筑科学—建筑理论] R131[医药卫生—劳动卫生]